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Finetuning LLMs with LoRA has gained significant popularity due to its simplicity and effectiveness. Often, users may even find pluggable, community-shared LoRAs to enhance their base models for a specific downstream task of interest;…

As researchers, we already understand how to make testing more effective and efficient at finding bugs. However, as fuzzing (i.e., automated testing) becomes more widely adopted in practice, practitioners are asking: Which assurances does a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Marcel Böhme

Hardware flaws are permanent and potent: hardware cannot be patched once fabricated, and any flaws may undermine any software executing on top. Consequently, verification time dominates implementation time. The gold standard in hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Timothy Trippel , Kang G. Shin , Alex Chernyakhovsky , Garret Kelly , Dominic Rizzo , Matthew Hicks

Backdoor attack is a new AI security risk that has emerged in recent years. Drawing on the previous research of adversarial attack, we argue that the backdoor attack has the potential to tap into the model learning process and improve model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Shangxi Wu , Qiuyang He , Yi Zhang , Jitao Sang

With increasing technology developments, there is a massive number of websites with varying purposes. But a particular type exists within this large collection, the so-called phishing sites which aim to deceive their users. The main…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Almaha Abuzuraiq , Mouhammd Alkasassbeh , Mohammad Almseidin

Crash report analysis is a necessary step before developers begin fixing errors. Fuzzing or hybrid (with dynamic symbolic execution) fuzzing is often used in the secure development lifecycle. Modern fuzzers could produce many crashes and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Georgy Savidov , Andrey Fedotov

Fuzzing is an automated software testing technique broadly adopted by the industry. A popular variant is mutation-based fuzzing, which discovers a large number of bugs in practice. While the research community has studied mutation-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Patrick Jauernig , Domagoj Jakobovic , Stjepan Picek , Emmanuel Stapf , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

A flurry of fuzzing tools (fuzzers) have been proposed in the literature, aiming at detecting software vulnerabilities effectively and efficiently. To date, it is however still challenging to compare fuzzers due to the inconsistency of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Yuwei Li , Shouling Ji , Yuan Chen , Sizhuang Liang , Wei-Han Lee , Yueyao Chen , Chenyang Lyu , Chunming Wu , Raheem Beyah , Peng Cheng , Kangjie Lu , Ting Wang

Recently, many Deep Learning fuzzers have been proposed for testing of DL libraries. However, they either perform unguided input generation (e.g., not considering the relationship between API arguments when generating inputs) or only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Nima Shiri Harzevili , Mohammad Mahdi Mohajer , Moshi Wei , Hung Viet Pham , Song Wang

BACKGROUND: Software engineers must be vigilant in preventing and correcting vulnerabilities and other critical bugs. In servicing this need, numerous tools and techniques have been developed to assist developers. Fuzzers, by autonomously…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Brandon Keller , Andrew Meneely , Benjamin Meyers

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into robotic control pipelines enables natural language interfaces that translate user prompts into executable commands. However, this digital-to-physical interface introduces a critical and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mingyang Xie , Jin Wei-Kocsis

In recent years, fuzz testing has proven itself to be one of the most effective techniques for finding correctness bugs and security vulnerabilities in practice. One particular fuzz testing tool, American Fuzzy Lop or AFL, has become…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Caroline Lemieux , Koushik Sen

Greybox fuzzing has achieved success in revealing bugs and vulnerabilities in programs. However, randomized mutation strategies have limited the fuzzer's performance on structured data. Specialized fuzzers can handle complex structured…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Hongxiang Zhang , Yuyang Rong , Yifeng He , Hao Chen

We introduce Cargo Scan, the first interactive program analysis tool designed to help developers audit third-party Rust code. Real systems written in Rust rely on thousands of transitive dependencies. These dependencies are as dangerous in…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Lydia Zoghbi , David Thien , Ranjit Jhala , Deian Stefan , Caleb Stanford

WebAssembly binaries are often compiled from memory-unsafe languages, such as C and C++. Because of WebAssembly's linear memory and missing protection features, e.g., stack canaries, source-level memory vulnerabilities are exploitable in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Daniel Lehmann , Martin Toldam Torp , Michael Pradel

Backdoor attacks present a significant threat to the robustness of Federated Learning (FL) due to their stealth and effectiveness. They maintain both the main task of the FL system and the backdoor task simultaneously, causing malicious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jiahao Xu , Zikai Zhang , Rui Hu

Formal methods use SMT solvers extensively for deciding formula satisfiability, for instance, in software verification, systematic test generation, and program synthesis. However, due to their complex implementations, solvers may contain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Muhammad Numair Mansur , Maria Christakis , Valentin Wüstholz , Fuyuan Zhang

Automatic test generation typically aims to generate inputs that explore new paths in the program under test in order to find bugs. Existing work has, therefore, focused on guiding the exploration toward program parts that are more likely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Valentin Wüstholz , Maria Christakis

This article proposes a new method to inject backdoors in RSA and other cryptographic primitives based on the Integer Factorization problem for balanced semi-primes. The method relies on mathematical congruences among the factors of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Marco Cesati

Modern machine learning (ML) systems demand substantial training data, often resorting to external sources. Nevertheless, this practice renders them vulnerable to backdoor poisoning attacks. Prior backdoor defense strategies have primarily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Soumyadeep Pal , Yuguang Yao , Ren Wang , Bingquan Shen , Sijia Liu