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Recent advancements in Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in automatic knowledge discovery. However, rigorously evaluating an AI's capacity for knowledge discovery remains a critical challenge. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chaoqun Yang , Xinyu Lin , Shulin Li , Wenjie Wang , Ruihan Guo , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has expanded their capabilities from basic dialogue to advanced scientific reasoning. However, existing benchmarks in biology often fail to assess a critical skill required of researchers:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Junting Zhou , Jin Chen , Linfeng Hao , Denghui Cao , Zheyu Wang , Qiguang Chen , Chaoyou Fu , Jiaze Chen , Yuchen Wu , Ge Zhang , Mingxuan Wang , Wenhao Huang , Tong Yang

We envision "AI scientists" as systems capable of skeptical learning and reasoning that empower biomedical research through collaborative agents that integrate AI models and biomedical tools with experimental platforms. Rather than taking…

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), AI agents have demonstrated increasing proficiency in scientific tasks, ranging from hypothesis generation and experimental design to manuscript writing. Such agent systems are…

As single-cell RNA sequencing datasets grow in adoption, scale, and complexity, data analysis remains a bottleneck for many research groups. Although frontier AI agents have improved dramatically at software engineering and general data…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-11 Kenny Workman , Zhen Yang , Harihara Muralidharan , Aidan Abdulali , Hannah Le

Autonomous systems that generate scientific hypotheses, conduct experiments, and draft manuscripts have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for accelerating discovery. However, existing AI Scientists remain largely domain-agnostic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hongtao Wu , Boyun Zheng , Dingjie Song , Yu Jiang , Jianfeng Gao , Lei Xing , Lichao Sun , Yixuan Yuan

Pursuing artificial intelligence for biomedical science, a.k.a. AI Scientist, draws increasing attention, where one common approach is to build a copilot agent driven by Large Language Models (LLMs). However, to evaluate such systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xinna Lin , Siqi Ma , Junjie Shan , Xiaojing Zhang , Shell Xu Hu , Tiannan Guo , Stan Z. Li , Kaicheng Yu

Spatial transcriptomics assays are rapidly increasing in scale and complexity, making computational analysis a major bottleneck in biological discovery. Although frontier AI agents have improved dramatically at software engineering and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kenny Workman , Zhen Yang , Harihara Muralidharan , Hannah Le

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) and multimodal foundation models has sparked growing interest in their potential for scientific research. However, scientific intelligence encompasses a broad spectrum of abilities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yaping Zhang , Qixuan Zhang , Xingquan Zhang , Zhiyuan Chen , Wenwen Zhuang , Yupu Liang , Lu Xiang , Yang Zhao , Jiajun Zhang , Yu Zhou , Chengqing Zong

Advances in generative AI point towards a new era of personalized applications that perform diverse tasks on behalf of users. While general AI assistants have yet to fully emerge, their potential to share personal data raises significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhao Cheng , Diane Wan , Matthew Abueg , Sahra Ghalebikesabi , Ren Yi , Eugene Bagdasarian , Borja Balle , Stefan Mellem , Shawn O'Banion

Publicly accessible benchmarks that allow for assessing and comparing model performances are important drivers of progress in artificial intelligence (AI). While recent advances in AI capabilities hold the potential to transform medical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Kathrin Blagec , Jakob Kraiger , Wolfgang Frühwirt , Matthias Samwald

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled agentic systems that translate natural language intent into executable scientific visualization (SciVis) tasks. Despite rapid progress, the community lacks a principled and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive language/vision reasoning abilities, igniting the recent trend of building agents for targeted applications such as shopping assistants or AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Liqiang Jing , Zhehui Huang , Xiaoyang Wang , Wenlin Yao , Wenhao Yu , Kaixin Ma , Hongming Zhang , Xinya Du , Dong Yu

Rapid development of artificial intelligence has drastically accelerated the development of scientific discovery. Trained with large-scale observation data, deep neural networks extract the underlying patterns in an end-to-end manner and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zijun Liu , Kaiming Liu , Yiqi Zhu , Xuanyu Lei , Zonghan Yang , Zhenhe Zhang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Scientist represents a paradigm shift in scientific discovery, with large language models (LLMs) taking the lead as the primary executor in the entire scientific workflow from idea generation to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Minjun Zhu , Qiujie Xie , Yixuan Weng , Jian Wu , Zhen Lin , Linyi Yang , Yue Zhang

The powerful reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in mathematics and coding, combined with their ability to automate complex tasks through agentic frameworks, present unprecedented opportunities for accelerating scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jiabin Tang , Lianghao Xia , Zhonghang Li , Chao Huang

Recent benchmark studies have claimed that AI has approached or even surpassed human-level performances on various cognitive tasks. However, this position paper argues that current AI evaluation paradigms are insufficient for assessing…

AI agents have the potential to aid users on a variety of consequential tasks, including conducting scientific research. To spur the development of useful agents, we need benchmarks that are challenging, but more crucially, directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Zachary S. Siegel , Sayash Kapoor , Nitya Nagdir , Benedikt Stroebl , Arvind Narayanan

Data science is an integrated workflow of technical, analytical, communication, and ethical skills, but current AI benchmarks focus mostly on constituent parts. We test whether AI models can generate end-to-end data science projects. To do…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-02-17 Evelyn Hughes , Rohan Alexander

Biology is at the precipice of a new era where AI accelerates and amplifies the ability to study how cells operate, organize, and work as systems, revealing why disease happens and how to correct it. Organizations globally are prioritizing…