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This paper investigates a fundamental yet underexplored question: can watermarked images remain editable without compromising watermark integrity? We propose SafeMark, a framework for watermark-preserving text-guided image manipulation that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xiaodong Wu , Qi Li , Xiangman Li , Zelin Zhang , Lingshuang Liu , Jianbing Ni

Visible watermarks, while instrumental in protecting image copyrights, frequently distort the underlying content, complicating tasks like scene interpretation and image editing. Visible watermark removal aims to eliminate the interference…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Yicheng Leng , Chaowei Fang , Gen Li , Yixiang Fang , Guanbin Li

As large language models (LLMs) grow more powerful, concerns over copyright infringement of LLM-generated texts have intensified. LLM watermarking has been proposed to trace unauthorized redistribution or resale of generated content by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qihao Lin , Chen Tang , Lan zhang , Junyang zhang , Xiangyang Li

Watermarking embeds information into digital content like images, audio, or text, imperceptible to humans but robustly detectable by specific algorithms. This technology has important applications in many challenges of the industry such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Pierre Fernandez

Invisible watermarking is essential for safeguarding digital content, enabling copyright protection and content authentication. However, existing watermarking methods fall short in robustness against regeneration attacks. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yiyang Guo , Ruizhe Li , Mude Hui , Hanzhong Guo , Chen Zhang , Chuangjian Cai , Le Wan , Shangfei Wang

To mitigate potential risks associated with language models, recent AI detection research proposes incorporating watermarks into machine-generated text through random vocabulary restrictions and utilizing this information for detection.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Yu Fu , Deyi Xiong , Yue Dong

Watermarking acts as a critical safeguard in text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). By embedding identifiable signals into model outputs, watermarking enables reliable attribution and enhances the security of machine-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yukang Lin , Jiahao Shao , Shuoran Jiang , Wentao Zhu , Bingjie Lu , Xiangping Wu , Joanna Siebert , Qingcai Chen

Deep convolutional neural networks have made outstanding contributions in many fields such as computer vision in the past few years and many researchers published well-trained network for downloading. But recent studies have shown serious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Xiquan Guan , Huamin Feng , Weiming Zhang , Hang Zhou , Jie Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Tree-Ring Watermarking is a significant technique for authenticating AI-generated images. However, its effectiveness in rectified flow-based models remains unexplored, particularly given the inherent challenges of these models with noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ved Umrajkar , Aakash Kumar Singh

Digital watermark is a commonly used technique to protect the copyright of medias. Simultaneously, to increase the robustness of watermark, attacking technique, such as watermark removal, also gets the attention from the community. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Xiaodong Cun , Chi-Man Pun

In recent years, there has been significant advancement in the field of model watermarking techniques. However, the protection of image-processing neural networks remains a challenge, with only a limited number of methods being developed.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Huajie Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Chi Liu , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

The rapid development of deep learning has driven significant progress in image semantic segmentation - a fundamental task in computer vision. Semantic segmentation algorithms often depend on the availability of pixel-level labels (i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhaozheng Chen , Qianru Sun

As Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) evolves into service-oriented platforms (Rag-as-a-Service) with shared knowledge bases, protecting the copyright of contributed data becomes essential. Existing watermarking methods in RAG focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tianyu Chen , Jian Lou , Wenjie Wang

Unauthorized screen-shooting poses a critical data leakage risk. Resisting screen-shooting attacks typically requires high-strength watermark embedding, inevitably degrading the cover image. To resolve the robustness-fidelity conflict,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yufeng Wu , Xin Liao , Baowei Wang , Han Fang , Xiaoshuai Wu , Guiling Wang

With the growing popularity of the Internet, digital images are used and transferred more frequently. Although this phenomenon facilitates easy access to information, it also creates security concerns and violates intellectual property…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-01 Alireza Tavakoli , Zahra Honjani , Hedieh Sajedi

As diffusion models (DMs) enable photorealistic image generation at unprecedented scale, watermarking techniques have become essential for provenance establishment and accountability. Existing methods face challenges: sampling-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hong-Hanh Nguyen-Le , Van-Tuan Tran , Thuc D. Nguyen , Nhien-An Le-Khac

In this paper, we investigate the recent state-of-the-art schemes for watermarking large language models (LLMs) outputs. These techniques are claimed to be robust, scalable and production-grade, aimed at promoting responsible usage of LLMs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jonathan Hong Jin Ng , Anh Tu Ngo , Anupam Chattopadhyay

As artificial intelligence surpasses human capabilities in text generation, the necessity to authenticate the origins of AI-generated content has become paramount. Unbiased watermarks offer a powerful solution by embedding statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Junfeng Guo , Heng Huang

Most image watermarking systems focus on robustness, capacity, and imperceptibility while treating the embedded payload as meaningless bits. This bit-centric view imposes a hard ceiling on capacity and prevents watermarks from carrying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Gautier Evennou , Vivien Chappelier , Ewa Kijak

Watermarking becomes one of the pivotal solutions to trace and verify the origin of synthetic images generated by artificial intelligence models, but it is not free of risks. Recent studies demonstrate the capability to forge watermarks…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Chaoyi Zhu , Zaitang Li , Renyi Yang , Robert Birke , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho , Lydia Y. Chen