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Formal verification and testing are complementary approaches which are used in the development process to verify the functional correctness of software. However, the correctness of software cannot ensure the safe operation of…
In the past two decades, significant research and development effort went into the development of verification tools for individual languages, such asC, C++, and Java. Many of the used verification approaches are in fact language-agnostic…
CSV is a widely used format for data representing systems control, information exchange and processing, logging, etc. Nevertheless, the format is riddled with tricky corner cases and inconsistencies, which can make input data unreliable,…
Verification of AI is a challenge that has engineering, algorithmic and programming language components. For example, AI planners are deployed to model actions of autonomous agents. They comprise a number of searching algorithms that, given…
Static verification provides strong correctness guarantees for code; however, fully specifying programs for static verification is a complex, burdensome process for users. Gradual verification was introduced to make this process easier by…
We introduce an application for executing and testing different unconstrained optimization algorithms. The application contains a library of various test functions with pre-defined starting points. A several known classes of methods as well…
Model selection on validation data is an essential step in machine learning. While the mixing of data between training and validation is considered taboo, practitioners often violate it to increase performance. Here, we offer a simple,…
Many simulation based Bounded Model Checking approaches to System Level Formal Verification (SLFV) have been devised. Typically such approaches exploit the capability of simulators to save computation time by saving and restoring the state…
This paper describes how to proficiently prevent software defects in autonomous vehicles, discover and correct defects if they are encountered, and create a higher level of assurance in the software product development phase. It also…
Scalable and automatic formal verification for concurrent systems is always demanding. In this paper, we propose a verification framework to support automated compositional reasoning for concurrent programs with shared variables. Our…
This paper presents a specification-guided safety verification method for feedforward neural networks with general activation functions. As such feedforward networks are memoryless, they can be abstractly represented as mathematical…
Checking data quality against domain knowledge is a common activity that pervades statistical analysis from raw data to output. The R package 'validate' facilitates this task by capturing and applying expert knowledge in the form of…
Formal specification is a basis for rigorous software implementation. VDM-SL is a formal specification language with an extensive executable subset. Successful cases of VDM-family including VDM-SL have shown that producing a well-tested…
Formal Methods are mathematically-based techniques for software design and engineering, which enable the unambiguous description of and reasoning about a system's behaviour. Autonomous systems use software to make decisions without human…
Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a powerful declarative programming paradigm commonly used for solving challenging search and optimization problems. The modeling languages of ASP are supported by sophisticated solving algorithms (solvers)…
The increasing use of deep neural networks for safety-critical applications, such as autonomous driving and flight control, raises concerns about their safety and reliability. Formal verification can address these concerns by guaranteeing…
Unit testing frameworks are nowadays considered a best practice, included in almost all modern software development processes, to achieve rapid development of correct specifications. Knowledge representation and reasoning paradigms such as…
Vision-language-action models (VLAs) show potential as generalist robot policies. However, these models pose extreme safety challenges during real-world deployment, including the risk of harm to the environment, the robot itself, and…
The emergence of the Industrial Internet results in an increasing number of complicated temporal interdependencies between automation systems and the processes to be controlled. There is a need for verification methods that scale better…
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, as large foundation models for embodied control, have shown strong performance in manipulation tasks. However, their performance comes at high inference cost. To improve efficiency, recent methods adopt…