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Scalable quantum technologies will present challenges for characterizing and tuning quantum devices. This is a time-consuming activity, and as the size of quantum systems increases, this task will become intractable without the aid of…

We study the problem of learning an unknown graph provided via an oracle using a quantum algorithm. We consider three query models. In the first model ("OR queries"), the oracle returns whether a given subset of the vertices contains any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-26 Ashley Montanaro , Changpeng Shao

Quantum algorithms are able to solve particular problems exponentially faster than conventional algorithms, when implemented on a quantum computer. However, all demonstrations to date have required already knowing the answer to construct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-22 Xiao-Qi Zhou , Pruet Kalasuwan , Timothy C. Ralph , Jeremy L. O'Brien

We propose a mathematical framework that we call quantum, higher-order Fourier analysis. This generalizes the classical theory of higher-order Fourier analysis, which led to many advances in number theory and combinatorics. We define a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Kaifeng Bu , Weichen Gu , Arthur Jaffe

We provide and experimentally demonstrate an accreditation protocol that upper-bounds the variation distance between noisy and noiseless probability distributions of the outputs of arbitrary quantum computations. We accredit the outputs of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Samuele Ferracin , Seth T. Merkel , David McKay , Animesh Datta

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Elena Ferraro , Marco De Michielis

Quantum computing is a new computational paradigm that promises applications in several fields, including machine learning. In the last decade, deep learning, and in particular Convolutional neural networks (CNN), have become essential for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-14 Iordanis Kerenidis , Jonas Landman , Anupam Prakash

Quantum process tomography is a necessary tool for verifying quantum gates and diagnosing faults in architectures and gate design. We show that the standard approach of process tomography is grossly inaccurate in the case where the states…

As present day quantum hardware is limited by various noise mechanisms, quantum advantage can only be reached in the near-term by designing noise-resilient quantum algorithms. In this work, we employ state-of-the-art quantum process…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Maria Dinca , David J. Luitz , Maxime Debertolis

Entanglement distillation is an essential building block in quantum communication protocols. Here, we study the class of near-term implementable distillation protocols that use bilocal Clifford operations followed by a single round of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-01 Sarah Jansen , Kenneth Goodenough , Sébastian de Bone , Dion Gijswijt , David Elkouss

Modeling and simulation is essential for predicting and verifying the behavior of fabricated quantum circuits, but existing simulation methods are either impractically costly or require an unrealistic simplification of error processes. We…

We show that measuring pairs of qubits in the Bell basis can be used to obtain a simple quantum algorithm for efficiently identifying an unknown stabilizer state of n qubits. The algorithm uses O(n) copies of the input state and fails with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-27 Ashley Montanaro

Bell sampling is a simple yet powerful tool based on measuring two copies of a quantum state in the Bell basis, and has found applications in a plethora of problems related to stabiliser states and measures of magic. However, it was not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Jonathan Allcock , Joao F. Doriguello , Gábor Ivanyos , Miklos Santha

It is known that every (single-qudit) Clifford operator maps the full set of generalized Pauli matrices (GPMs) to itself under unitary conjugation, which is an important quantum operation and plays a crucial role in quantum computation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Cai-Hong Wang , Jiang-Tao Yuan , Zhi-Hao Ma , Shao-Ming Fei , Shang-Quan Bu

We present an initialisation method for variational quantum algorithms applicable to intermediate scale quantum computers. The method uses simulated annealing of the efficiently simulable Clifford parameter points as a pre-optimisation to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-05 M. H. Cheng , K. E. Khosla , C. N. Self , M. Lin , B. X. Li , A. C. Medina , M. S. Kim

Quantifying and verifying the control level in preparing a quantum state are central challenges in building quantum devices. The quantum state is characterized from experimental measurements, using a procedure known as tomography, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Quoc Hoan Tran , Kohei Nakajima

Any technology requires precise benchmarking of its components, and the quantum technologies are no exception. Randomized benchmarking allows for the relatively resource economical estimation of the average gate fidelity of quantum gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-14 E. Onorati , A. H. Werner , J. Eisert

We present an algorithm that decomposes any $n$-qubit Clifford operator into a circuit consisting of three subcircuits containing only CNOT or CPHASE gates with layers of one-qubit gates before and after each of these subcircuits. As with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Timothy Proctor , Kevin Young

We analyze the complexity of learning $n$-qubit quantum phase states. A degree-$d$ phase state is defined as a superposition of all $2^n$ basis vectors $x$ with amplitudes proportional to $(-1)^{f(x)}$, where $f$ is a degree-$d$ Boolean…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Srinivasan Arunachalam , Sergey Bravyi , Arkopal Dutt , Theodore J. Yoder

Quantum process tomography (QPT) is a fundamental tool for fully characterizing quantum systems. It relies on querying a set of quantum states as input to the quantum process. Previous QPT methods typically employ a straightforward strategy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Jiaqi Yang , Xiaohua Xu , Wei Xie