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Bias is a common problem inherent in recommender systems, which is entangled with users' preferences and poses a great challenge to unbiased learning. For debiasing tasks, the doubly robust (DR) method and its variants show superior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Haoxuan Li , Yan Lyu , Chunyuan Zheng , Peng Wu

Human-centered systems of systems such as social networks, Internet of Things, or healthcare systems are growingly becoming major facets of modern life. Realistic models of human behavior in such systems play a significant role in their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-01-28 Aghdas. Meghdadi , M. R. Akbarzadeh-T. , Kourosh Javidan

Given a supervised machine learning problem where the training set has been subject to a known sampling bias, how can a model be trained to fit the original dataset? We achieve this through the Bayesian inference framework by altering the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-16 Max Sklar

Contextual dueling bandit is used to model the bandit problems, where a learner's goal is to find the best arm for a given context using observed noisy human preference feedback over the selected arms for the past contexts. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Arun Verma , Zhongxiang Dai , Xiaoqiang Lin , Patrick Jaillet , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias that adversely affects management decisions, and mathematical modelling is an aid to its detailed understanding. Bias in opinion update about the value of a parameter is modelled here assuming that…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-02-08 Rose D Baker

Uncertainty quantification is a central challenge in reliable and trustworthy machine learning. Naive measures such as last-layer scores are well-known to yield overconfident estimates in the context of overparametrized neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Lucas Clarté , Bruno Loureiro , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová

We generalise the problem of inverse reinforcement learning to multiple tasks, from multiple demonstrations. Each one may represent one expert trying to solve a different task, or as different experts trying to solve the same task. Our main…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-09-04 Christos Dimitrakakis , Constantin Rothkopf

It has been recently shown in the literature that the sample averages from online learning experiments are biased when used to estimate the mean reward. To correct the bias, off-policy evaluation methods, including importance sampling and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Ningyuan Chen , Xuefeng Gao , Yi Xiong

Human concept learning is typically active: learners choose which instances to query or test in order to reduce uncertainty about an underlying rule or category. Active concept learning must balance informativeness of queries against the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Anirudh Chari , Neil Pattanaik

Integrating theoretical neuroscience, decision theory, and probabilistic inference offers a promising route to understanding human cognition, yet concrete methodological bridges between agentic AI models and behavioral data analysis remain…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-01 Dirk Ostwald , Rasmus Bruckner , Franziska Usée , Belinda Fleischmann , Joram Soch , Sean Mulready

A common concern with Bayesian methodology in scientific contexts is that inferences can be heavily influenced by subjective biases. As presented here, there are two types of bias for some quantity of interest: bias against and bias in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-06 Michael Evans , Yang Guo

We study the offline contextual bandit problem, where we aim to acquire an optimal policy using observational data. However, this data usually contains two deficiencies: (i) some variables that confound actions are not observed, and (ii)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Siyu Chen , Yitan Wang , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

Machine unlearning aims to unlearn data points from a learned model, offering a principled way to process data-deletion requests and mitigate privacy risks without full retraining. Prior work has mainly studied unsupervised / supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zichun Ye , Runqi Wang , Xuchuang Wang , Xutong Liu , Shuai Li , Mohammad Hajiesmaili

Implicit feedback (e.g., clicks, dwell times, etc.) is an abundant source of data in human-interactive systems. While implicit feedback has many advantages (e.g., it is inexpensive to collect, user centric, and timely), its inherent biases…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Thorsten Joachims , Adith Swaminathan , Tobias Schnabel

To make informed decisions in natural environments that change over time, humans must update their beliefs as new observations are gathered. Studies exploring human inference as a dynamical process that unfolds in time have focused on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-03 Arthur Prat-Carrabin , Robert C. Wilson , Jonathan D. Cohen , Rava Azeredo da Silveira

The multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem is a classical learning task that exemplifies the exploration-exploitation tradeoff. However, standard formulations do not take into account {\em risk}. In online decision making systems, risk is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Qiuyu Zhu , Vincent Y. F. Tan

We investigate a population of binary mistake sequences that result from learning with parametric models of different order. We obtain estimates of their error, algorithmic complexity and divergence from a purely random Bernoulli sequence.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-10-14 Joel Ratsaby

This paper introduces a probabilistic framework to estimate parameters of an acquisition function given observed human behavior that can be modeled as a collection of sample paths from a Bayesian optimization procedure. The methodology…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Nathan Sandholtz , Yohsuke Miyamoto , Luke Bornn , Maurice Smith

We study sequential social learning with endogenous information acquisition when agents have a taste for nonconformity. Each agent observes predecessors' actions, chooses whether to acquire a private signal (and its precision), and then…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-01-05 Georgy Lukyanov , Vasilii Ivanik

Neural networks with binary weights are computation-efficient and hardware-friendly, but their training is challenging because it involves a discrete optimization problem. Surprisingly, ignoring the discrete nature of the problem and using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Xiangming Meng , Roman Bachmann , Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan