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The advent of highly accurate protein structure prediction methods has fueled an exponential expansion of the protein structure database. Consequently, there is a rising demand for rapid and precise structural homolog search. Traditional…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-01 Yuan Liu , Hong-Bin Shen

Forward gradient descent (FGD) has been proposed as a biologically more plausible alternative of gradient descent as it can be computed without backward pass. Considering the linear model with $d$ parameters, previous work has found that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Niklas Dexheimer , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions are increasingly appreciated for their abundance in the proteome and the many functional roles they play in the cell. In this short review, we describe a variety of approaches used to obtain…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Zi Hao Liu , Maria Tsanai , Oufan Zhang , Teresa Head-Gordon , Julie Forman-Kay

Learning effective protein representations is critical in a variety of tasks in biology such as predicting protein function or structure. Existing approaches usually pretrain protein language models on a large number of unlabeled amino acid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Zuobai Zhang , Minghao Xu , Arian Jamasb , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Aurelie Lozano , Payel Das , Jian Tang

Proteins are central to biological systems, participating as building blocks across all forms of life. Despite advancements in understanding protein functions through protein sequence analysis, there remains potential for further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yunqing Liu , Wenqi Fan , Xiaoyong Wei , Qing Li

We introduce a layout similarity measure designed to evaluate the results of layout generation. While several similarity measures have been proposed in prior research, there has been a lack of comprehensive discussion about their behaviors.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Mayu Otani , Naoto Inoue , Kotaro Kikuchi , Riku Togashi

Motivation: Protein folding is a dynamic process during which a protein's amino acid sequence undergoes a series of 3-dimensional (3D) conformational changes en route to reaching a native 3D structure; the resulting 3D structural…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-09 Aydin Wells , Khalique Newaz , Jennifer Morones , Jianlin Cheng , Tijana Milenković

Recently, diffusion- and flow-based generative models of protein structures have emerged as a powerful tool for de novo protein design. Here, we develop Proteina, a new large-scale flow-based protein backbone generator that utilizes…

In this study, we expand upon the FLIP benchmark-designed for evaluating protein fitness prediction models in small, specialized prediction tasks-by assessing the performance of state-of-the-art large protein language models, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Manuel F. Mollon , Joaquin Gonzalez-Rodriguez , Alicia Lozano-Diez , Daniel Ramos , Doroteo T. Toledano

Generating novel active molecules for a given protein is an extremely challenging task for generative models that requires an understanding of the complex physical interactions between the molecule and its environment. In this paper, we…

Inferring the structural properties of a protein from its amino acid sequence is a challenging yet important problem in biology. Structures are not known for the vast majority of protein sequences, but structure is critical for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Tristan Bepler , Bonnie Berger

Modern large-scale datasets are frequently said to be high-dimensional. However, their data point clouds frequently possess structures, significantly decreasing their intrinsic dimensionality (ID) due to the presence of clusters, points…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Luca Albergante , Jonathan Bac , Andrei Zinovyev

Proteins perform critical processes in all living systems: converting solar energy into chemical energy, replicating DNA, as the basis of highly performant materials, sensing and much more. While an incredible range of functionality has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Leonardo V. Castorina , Rokas Petrenas , Kartic Subr , Christopher W. Wood

Mapping between sequence and structure is currently an open problem in structural biology. Despite many experimental and computational efforts it is not clear yet how the structure is encoded in the sequence. Answering this question may…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2013-10-08 Iddo Friedberg

The advent of deep learning has introduced efficient approaches for de novo protein sequence design, significantly improving success rates and reducing development costs compared to computational or experimental methods. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Yutong Hu , Yang Tan , Andi Han , Lirong Zheng , Liang Hong , Bingxin Zhou

We argue that the theory and practice of diffusion-based generative models are currently unnecessarily convoluted and seek to remedy the situation by presenting a design space that clearly separates the concrete design choices. This lets us…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Tero Karras , Miika Aittala , Timo Aila , Samuli Laine

In nature the three-dimensional structure of a protein is encoded in the corresponding gene. In this paper we describe a new method for encoding the three-dimensional structure of a protein into a binary sequence. The feature of the method…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Naoto Morikawa

Accurate prediction of drug-target binding affinity can accelerate drug discovery by prioritizing promising compounds before costly wet-lab screening. While deep learning has advanced this task, most models fuse ligand and protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Mohammadsaleh Refahi , Bahrad A. Sokhansanj , James R. Brown , Gail Rosen

A complete time-parameterized statistical model quantifying the divergent evolution of protein structures in terms of the patterns of conservation of their secondary structures is inferred from a large collection of protein 3D structure…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-15 Sandun Rajapaksa , Lloyd Allison , Peter J. Stuckey , Maria Garcia de la Banda , Arun S. Konagurthu

Proteins, by virtue of their central role in most biological processes, represent one of the key subjects of the study of molecular evolution. Inherent to the indispensability of proteins for living cells is the fact that a given protein…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Eric J. Deeds , Eugene I. Shakhnovich