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In this Element and its accompanying Element, Matias D. Cattaneo, Nicolas Idrobo, and Rocio Titiunik provide an accessible and practical guide for the analysis and interpretation of Regression Discontinuity (RD) designs that encourages the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-22 Matias D. Cattaneo , Nicolas Idrobo , Rocio Titiunik

Many empirical applications estimate causal effects of a continuous endogenous variable (treatment) using a binary instrument. Estimation is typically done through linear 2SLS. This approach requires a mean treatment change and causal…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-02-28 Yingying Dong , Ying-Ying Lee

It is common practice to incorporate additional covariates in empirical economics. In the context of Regression Discontinuity (RD) designs, covariate adjustment plays multiple roles, making it essential to understand its impact on analysis…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-22 Matias D. Cattaneo , Filippo Palomba

The practical importance of inference with robustness against large bandwidths for causal effects in regression discontinuity and kink designs is widely recognized. Existing robust methods cover many cases, but do not handle uniform…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-26 Harold D. Chiang , Yu-Chin Hsu , Yuya Sasaki

Estimating community-specific mental health effects of local events is vital for public health policy. While forecasting mental health scores alone offers limited insights into the impact of events on community well-being,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Siddharth Mangalik , Ojas Deshpande , Adithya V. Ganesan , Sean A. P. Clouston , H. Andrew Schwartz

We discuss estimation and inference of conditional treatment effects in regression discontinuity (RD) designs with multiple scores. In addition to local linear regressions and the minimax-optimal estimator more recently proposed by Imbens…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-10 Yiqi Liu , Yuan Qi

Treatment effects in regression discontinuity designs (RDDs) are often estimated using local regression methods. \cite{Hahn:01} demonstrated that the identification of the average treatment effect at the cutoff in RDDs relies on the…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-12-30 Weiwei Jiang , Rong J. B. Zhu

We study variation in policing outcomes attributable to differential policing practices in New York City (NYC) using geographic regression discontinuity designs (GeoRDDs). By focusing on small geographic windows near police precinct…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-01 Emmett B. Kendall , Brenden Beck , Joseph Antonelli

Regression discontinuity designs have become one of the most popular research designs in empirical economics. We argue, however, that widely used approaches to building confidence intervals in regression discontinuity designs exhibit…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-01 Aditya Ghosh , Guido Imbens , Stefan Wager

We introduce a framework for estimating causal effects of binary and continuous treatments in high dimensions. We show how posterior distributions of treatment and outcome models can be used together with doubly robust estimators. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-06 Joseph Antonelli , Georgia Papadogeorgou , Francesca Dominici

This monograph, together with its accompanying first part Cattaneo, Idrobo and Titiunik (2020), collects and expands the instructional materials we prepared for more than $50$ short courses and workshops on Regression Discontinuity (RD)…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-27 Matias D. Cattaneo , Nicolas Idrobo , Rocio Titiunik

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to design small-molecule ligands that bind with high affinity and specificity to pre-determined protein targets. Generative SBDD methods leverage structural data of drugs in complex with their protein…

Bidirectional causal relationships arising from mutual interactions between variables are commonly observed within biomedical, econometrical, and social science contexts. When such relationships are further complicated by unobserved…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-27 Yafang Deng , Kang Shuai , Shanshan Luo

The quantile regression kink design (QRKD) is proposed by empirical researchers as a potential method to assess heterogeneous treatment effects under suitable research designs, but its causal interpretation remains unknown. We propose a…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-18 Harold D. Chiang , Yuya Sasaki

Regression discontinuity (RD) designs are popular quasi-experimental studies in which treatment assignment depends on whether the value of a running variable exceeds a cutoff. RD designs are increasingly popular in educational applications…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-23 Daryl Swartzentruber , Eloise Kaizar

We present a novel approach for extrapolating causal effects away from the margin between treatment and non-treatment in sharp regression discontinuity designs with multiple covariates. Our methods apply both to settings in which treatment…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-02 Ben Deaner , Soonwoo Kwon

In this paper we propose a new template for empirical studies intended to assess causal effects: the outcome-wide longitudinal design. The approach is an extension of what is often done to assess the causal effects of a treatment or…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-25 Tyler J. VanderWeele , Maya B. Mathur , Ying Chen

We build on theoretical results from the mechanism design literature to analyze empirical models of second-degree price discrimination (2PD). We show that for a random-coefficients discrete choice ("BLP") model to be suitable for studying…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-03 Soheil Ghili , K. Sudhir , Nitish Jain , Ankur Garg

Graphical models provide powerful tools to uncover complicated patterns in multivariate data and are commonly used in Bayesian statistics and machine learning. In this paper, we introduce the R package BDgraph which performs Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-14 Reza Mohammadi , Ernst C. Wit

The R package bsvars provides a wide range of tools for empirical macroeconomic and financial analyses using Bayesian Structural Vector Autoregressions. It uses frontier econometric techniques and C++ code to ensure fast and efficient…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-04-17 Tomasz Woźniak
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