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In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing, it is of crucial importance to verify quantum processes and extract information. Quantum process tomography is a typical approach, however, both resource-intensive and vulnerable to…

Quantum computers are anticipated to transcend classical supercomputers for computationally intensive tasks by exploiting the principles of quantum mechanics. However, the capabilities of the current generation of quantum devices are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-17 Shaobo Zhang , Charles D. Hill , Muhammad Usman

Quantum metrology stands as a leading application of quantum science and technology, yet noise often constrains its precision and sensitivity. In near-term quantum metrology, existing protocols largely depend on virtual state purification,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Xiaodie Lin , Haidong Yuan

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE), a technique to estimate quantum circuit expectation values through noise scaling and extrapolation, is well-studied in the context of quantum computing. We examine the applicability of ZNE to the field of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 John S. Van Dyke , Zackary White , Gregory Quiroz

Quantum phase estimation algorithm (PEA) is one of the most important algorithms in early studies of quantum computation. It is also a key for many other quantum algorithms, such as the quantum counting algorithm and the Shor's integer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-04 Xi Lu , Hongwei Lin

Quantum error mitigation has been extensively explored to increase the accuracy of the quantum circuits in noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum (NISQ) computation, where quantum error correction requiring additional quantum resources is not…

Noise is the main source that hinders us from fully exploiting quantum advantages in various quantum informational tasks. However, characterizing and calibrating the effect of noise is not always feasible in practice. Especially for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Hyukgun Kwon , Changhun Oh , Youngrong Lim , Hyunseok Jeong , Liang Jiang

There has been tremendous progress in the physical realization of quantum computing hardware in recent times, bringing us closer than ever before to realizing the promise of quantum computing. However, noise continues to pose a crucial…

Errors are arguably the most pressing challenge impeding practical applications of quantum computers, which has instigated vigorous research on the development of quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques. Existing QEM methods suppress…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Akib Karim , Harish J. Vallury , Muhammad Usman

Optimizing carbon credit portfolios is a critical challenge for climate mitigation, particularly in high-biodiversity biomes such as the Brazilian Cerrado. This study explores the practical application of the Quantum Approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Hugo José Ribeiro

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is critical for harnessing the potential of near-term quantum devices. Particularly, QEM protocols can be designed based on machine learning, where the mapping between noisy computational outputs and ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 Ruiqi Zhang , Yuguo Shao , Fuchuan Wei , Song Cheng , Zhaohui Wei , Zhengwei Liu

We propose a phase-difference estimation algorithm based on the tensor-network circuit compression, leveraging time-evolution data to pursue scalability and higher accuracy on a quantum phase estimation (QPE)-type algorithm. Using tensor…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Shu Kanno , Kenji Sugisaki , Rei Sakuma , Jumpei Kato , Hajime Nakamura , Naoki Yamamoto

The promise of quantum computing is closer to reality today than ever before, thanks to rapid progress in the development of quantum hardware. Even as qubit lifetimes and gate fidelities continue to improve, realizing robust, fault-tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Vismay Joshi , Anubhab Rudra , Sourav Dutta , Siddharth Dhomkar , Prabha Mandayam

Error mitigation (EM) methods are crucial for obtaining reliable results in the realm of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, where noise significantly impacts output accuracy. Some EM protocols are particularly efficient for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Thibault Scoquart , Hugo Perrin , Kyrylo Snizhko

The field of quantum computing has experienced a rapid expansion in recent years, with ongoing exploration of new technologies, a decrease in error rates, and a growth in the number of qubits available in quantum processors. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-16 Samuel Stein , Nathan Wiebe , Yufei Ding , James Ang , Ang Li

Simulating electronic structure on a quantum computer requires encoding of fermionic systems onto qubits. Common encoding methods transform a fermionic system of $N$ spin-orbitals into an $N$-qubit system, but many of the fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Yu Shee , Pei-Kai Tsai , Cheng-Lin Hong , Hao-Chung Cheng , Hsi-Sheng Goan

Quantum error mitigation is expected to play a crucial role in the practical applications of quantum machines for the foreseeable future. Thus it is important to put the numerous quantum error mitigation schemes proposed under a coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Zhenyu Cai

Many researchers have been heavily investigated on quantum phase estimation (QPE) algorithms to find the unknown phase, since QPE is the core building block of the most quantum algorithms such as the Shor's factoring algorithm, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-19 Hamed Mohammadbagherpoor , Young-Hyun Oh , Anand Singh , Xianqing Yu , Andy J. Rindos

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) can recover accurate expectation values from a noisy quantum computer by trading off bias for variance, such that an averaged result is more accurate but takes longer to converge. Probabilistic error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-09 Andrew Eddins , Minh C. Tran , Patrick Rall

Quantum phase estimation~(QPE) is central to numerous quantum algorithms, yet its standard implementation demands an $\calO(m^{2})$-gate quantum Fourier transform~(QFT) on $m$ control qubits-a prohibitive overhead on near-term noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Akoramurthy B , Surendiran. B