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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) frequently misread values, hallucinate details, and confuse overlapping elements in charts. Current approaches rely solely on pixel interpretation, creating a Pixel-Only Bottleneck: agents treat interactive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yiyang Lu , Woong Shin , Ahmad Maroof Karimi , Feiyi Wang , Jie Ren , Evgenia Smirni

While Visual Large Language Models (VLLMs) show great promise as embodied agents, they continue to face substantial challenges in spatial reasoning. Existing embodied benchmarks largely focus on passive, static household environments and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yifan Li , Lichi Li , Anh Dao , Xinyu Zhou , Yicheng Qiao , Zheda Mai , Daeun Lee , Zichen Chen , Zhen Tan , Mohit Bansal , Yu Kong

Language-based object detection (LOD) aims to align visual objects with language expressions. A large amount of paired data is utilized to improve LOD model generalizations. During the training process, recent studies leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yuming Chen , Jiangyan Feng , Haodong Zhang , Lijun Gong , Feng Zhu , Rui Zhao , Qibin Hou , Ming-Ming Cheng , Yibing Song

We introduce Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Adaptive Verifiable Environments (RLVE), an approach using verifiable environments that procedurally generate problems and provide algorithmically verifiable rewards, to scale up RL for language…

Developing robust and general-purpose manipulation policies represents a fundamental objective in robotics research. While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated promising capabilities for end-to-end robot control, existing…

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires an agent to ground language instructions to its own movement within a visual environment. While state-of-the-art methods leverage the reasoning capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for…

Autonomous exploration and object search in unknown indoor environments remain challenging for multi-robot systems (MRS). Traditional approaches often rely on greedy frontier assignment strategies with limited inter-robot coordination. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ruiyang Wang , Hao-Lun Hsu , David Hunt , Jiwoo Kim , Shaocheng Luo , Miroslav Pajic

Humans can collaborate and complete tasks based on visual signals and instruction from the environment. Training such a robot is difficult especially due to the understanding of the instruction and the complicated environment. Previous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Kairui Zhou

Zero-shot Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) agents leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in generalization but suffer from insufficient spatial perception. Focusing on complex continuous environments, we categorize key perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lu Yue , Yue Fan , Shiwei Lian , Yu Zhao , Jiaxin Yu , Liang Xie , Feitian Zhang

Recent progress in vision-language models (VLMs) has opened new possibilities for robot task planning, but these models often produce incorrect action sequences. To address these limitations, we propose VeriGraph, a novel framework that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Daniel Ekpo , Mara Levy , Saksham Suri , Chuong Huynh , Archana Swaminathan , Abhinav Shrivastava

Coding agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have gained traction for automating code generation through iterative problem-solving with minimal human involvement. Despite the emergence of various frameworks, e.g., LangChain,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Junpeng Wang , Yuzhong Chen , Menghai Pan , Chin-Chia Michael Yeh , Mahashweta Das

3D Visual Grounding (3D-VG) aims to localize objects in 3D scenes via natural language descriptions. While recent advancements leveraging Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have explored zero-shot possibilities, they typically suffer from a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Haibo Wang , Zihao Lin , Zhiyang Xu , Lifu Huang

Recent advancements in Vision Language Models (VLMs) have expanded their capabilities to interactive agent tasks, yet existing benchmarks remain limited to single-agent or text-only environments. In contrast, real-world scenarios often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zelai Xu , Zhexuan Xu , Xiangmin Yi , Huining Yuan , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long , Xinlei Chen , Yi Wu , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

We consider the problem of Embodied Question Answering (EQA), which refers to settings where an embodied agent such as a robot needs to actively explore an environment to gather information until it is confident about the answer to a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Allen Z. Ren , Jaden Clark , Anushri Dixit , Masha Itkina , Anirudha Majumdar , Dorsa Sadigh

Vision-and-language navigation (VLN) is the task to enable an embodied agent to navigate to a remote location following the natural language instruction in real scenes. Most of the previous approaches utilize the entire features or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Xiangyang Li , Zihan Wang , Jiahao Yang , Yaowei Wang , Shuqiang Jiang

Recent advancements in agentic test-time scaling allow models to gather environmental feedback before committing to final actions. A key limitation of existing methods is that they typically employ undifferentiated exploration strategies,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xingyuan Hua , Sheng Yue , Ju Ren

Training large language model (LLM) agents to acquire necessary skills and perform diverse tasks within an environment is gaining interest as a means to enable open-endedness. However, creating the training dataset for their skill…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yongjin Yang , Sinjae Kang , Juyong Lee , Dongjun Lee , Se-Young Yun , Kimin Lee

Exploration is a cornerstone of reinforcement learning (RL). Intrinsic motivation attempts to decouple exploration from external, task-based rewards. However, established approaches to intrinsic motivation that follow general principles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Cansu Sancaktar , Christian Gumbsch , Andrii Zadaianchuk , Pavel Kolev , Georg Martius

Understanding the physical structure is essential for real-world applications such as embodied agents, interactive design, and long-horizon manipulation. Yet, prevailing Vision-Language Model (VLM) evaluations still center on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuhao Wu , Maojia Song , Yihuai Lan , Lei Wang , Zhiqiang Hu , Yao Xiao , Heng Zhou , Weihua Zheng , Dylan Raharja , Soujanya Poria , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

The use of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in automated driving applications is becoming increasingly common, with the aim of leveraging their reasoning and generalisation capabilities to handle long tail scenarios. However, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Nikos Theodoridis , Reenu Mohandas , Ganesh Sistu , Anthony Scanlan , Ciarán Eising , Tim Brophy