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A recent trend in vision-language models (VLMs) has been to enhance their spatial cognition for embodied domains. Despite progress, existing evaluations have been limited both in paradigm and in coverage, hindering rapid, iterative model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yanpeng Zhao , Wentao Ding , Hongtao Li , Baoxiong Jia , Zilong Zheng

To navigate partially observable visual environments, recent VLM agents increasingly internalize world modeling capabilities into their policies via explicit CoT reasoning, enabling them to mentally simulate futures before acting. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Haoxi Li , Qinglin Hou , Jianfei Ma , Jinxiang Lai , Tao Han , Sikai Bai , Jingcai Guo , Jie Zhang , Song Guo

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become a key approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, prevalent RL approaches like proximal policy optimization and group relative policy optimization suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jingtong Gao , Ling Pan , Yejing Wang , Rui Zhong , Chi Lu , Maolin Wang , Qingpeng Cai , Peng Jiang , Xiangyu Zhao

An ideal embodied agent should possess lifelong learning capabilities to handle long-horizon and complex tasks, enabling continuous operation in general environments. This not only requires the agent to accurately accomplish given tasks but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Sen Wang , Bangwei Liu , Zhenkun Gao , Lizhuang Ma , Xuhong Wang , Yuan Xie , Xin Tan

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown powerful capabilities in visual question answering and reasoning tasks by combining visual representations with the abstract skill set large language models (LLMs) learn during pretraining. Vision,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Riley Tavassoli , Mani Amani , Reza Akhavian

Current reinforcement learning algorithms struggle in sparse and complex environments, most notably in long-horizon manipulation tasks entailing a plethora of different sequences. In this work, we propose the Intrinsically Guided…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Eleftherios Triantafyllidis , Filippos Christianos , Zhibin Li

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires agents to follow natural language instructions through environments, with memory-persistent variants demanding progressive improvement through accumulated experience. Existing approaches for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yunzhe Xu , Yiyuan Pan , Zhe Liu

Representation Engineering (RepE) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing AI transparency by focusing on high-level representations rather than individual neurons or circuits. It has proven effective in improving interpretability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Bowei Tian , Xuntao Lyu , Meng Liu , Hongyi Wang , Ang Li

Intelligent exploration remains a critical challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), especially in visual control tasks. Unlike low-dimensional state-based RL, visual RL must extract task-relevant structure from raw pixels, making…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Le Mao , Andrew H. Liu , Renos Zabounidis , Yanan Niu , Zachary Kingston , Joseph Campbell

In humans, intrinsic motivation is an important mechanism for open-ended cognitive development; in robots, it has been shown to be valuable for exploration. An important aspect of human cognitive development is $\textit{episodic memory}$…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Jack Vice , Natalie Ruiz-Sanchez , Pamela K. Douglas , Gita Sukthankar

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly applied to tasks in language understanding and interactive decision-making, with their impressive performance largely attributed to the extensive domain knowledge embedded within them.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Zhiyuan Sun , Haochen Shi , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Glen Berseth , Xingdi Yuan , Bang Liu

Incremental decision making in real-world environments is one of the most challenging tasks in embodied artificial intelligence. One particularly demanding scenario is Vision and Language Navigation~(VLN) which requires visual and natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Raphael Schumann , Wanrong Zhu , Weixi Feng , Tsu-Jui Fu , Stefan Riezler , William Yang Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve strong multimodal reasoning performance, yet we identify a recurring failure mode in long-form generation: as outputs grow longer, models progressively drift away from image evidence and fall…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shuai Lv , Chang Liu , Feng Tang , Yujie Yuan , Aojun Zhou , Kui Zhang , Xi Yang , Yangqiu Song

Visual reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has primarily been studied in static, fully observable settings, limiting their effectiveness in real-world environments where information is often incomplete due to occlusion or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Weijie Zhou , Xuantang Xiong , Yi Peng , Manli Tao , Chaoyang Zhao , Honghui Dong , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

Vision-language navigation (VLN) is the task of entailing an agent to carry out navigational instructions inside photo-realistic environments. One of the key challenges in VLN is how to conduct a robust navigation by mitigating the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Hanqing Wang , Wenguan Wang , Tianmin Shu , Wei Liang , Jianbing Shen

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in learned tasks, yet they often struggle to adapt to non-stationary environments with feedback. While In-Context Learning and external memory offer some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Lu Yang , Zelai Xu , Minyang Xie , Jiaxuan Gao , Zhao Shok , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

We show that multi-agent systems guided by vision-language models (VLMs) improve end-to-end autonomous scientific discovery. By treating plots as verifiable checkpoints, a VLM-as-a-judge evaluates figures against dynamically generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Kahaan Gandhi , Boris Bolliet , Inigo Zubeldia

In embodied AI, visual perception should be active rather than passive: the system must decide where to look and at what scale to sense to acquire maximally informative data under pixel and spatial budget constraints. Existing vision models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jiashu Yang , Yifan Han , Yucheng Xie , Ning Guo , Wenzhao Lian

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made them powerful tools in embodied navigation, enabling agents to leverage commonsense and spatial reasoning for efficient exploration in…

Recently, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong performance on a range of robotic tasks. These models rely on multimodal inputs, with language instructions playing a crucial role -- not only in predicting actions, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Wen-Han Hsieh , Elvis Hsieh , Dantong Niu , Trevor Darrell , Roei Herzig , David M. Chan