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Advancements in spoken language processing have driven the development of spoken language models (SLMs), designed to achieve universal audio understanding by jointly learning text and audio representations for a wide range of tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Pedro Corrêa , João Lima , Victor Moreno , Lucas Ueda , Paula Dornhofer Paro Costa

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate, whereby they generate plausible but inaccurate text. This phenomenon poses significant risks in critical applications, such as medicine or law, necessitating robust hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Benedict Aaron Tjandra , Muhammed Razzak , Jannik Kossen , Kunal Handa , Yarin Gal

In this work, we evaluate 10 open-source instructed LLMs on four representative code comprehension and generation tasks. We have the following main findings. First, for the zero-shot setting, instructed LLMs are very competitive on code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Zhiqiang Yuan , Junwei Liu , Qiancheng Zi , Mingwei Liu , Xin Peng , Yiling Lou

Large language models (LLMs) trained on huge corpora of text datasets demonstrate intriguing capabilities, achieving state-of-the-art performance on tasks they were not explicitly trained for. The precise nature of LLM capabilities is often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Eric J. Bigelow , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka , Tomer D. Ullman

Language model pre-training has proven to be useful in many language understanding tasks. In this paper, we investigate whether it is still helpful to add the self-training method in the pre-training step and the fine-tuning step. Towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Tong Guo

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown great capabilities in a wide range of tasks, exhibiting state-of-the-art performance through zero-shot or few-shot prompting methods. While there have been extensive studies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Ruochen Zhang , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Jan Christian Blaise Cruz , Genta Indra Winata , Alham Fikri Aji

Leader-follower interaction is an important paradigm in human-robot interaction (HRI). Yet, assigning roles in real time remains challenging for resource-constrained mobile and assistive robots. While large language models (LLMs) have shown…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Rafael R. Baptista , André de Lima Salgado , Ricardo V. Godoy , Marcelo Becker , Thiago Boaventura , Gustavo J. G. Lahr

Large Language Models (LLMs) are traditionally viewed as black-box algorithms, therefore reducing trustworthiness and obscuring potential approaches to increasing performance on downstream tasks. In this work, we apply an effective LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shun Wang , Tyler Loakman , Youbo Lei , Yi Liu , Bohao Yang , Yuting Zhao , Dong Yang , Chenghua Lin

Going beyond mere fine-tuning of vision-language models (VLMs), learnable prompt tuning has emerged as a promising, resource-efficient alternative. Despite their potential, effectively learning prompts faces the following challenges: (i)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hari Chandana Kuchibhotla , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Abbavaram Gowtham Reddy , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Computational social science (CSS) practitioners often rely on human-labeled data to fine-tune supervised text classifiers. We assess the potential for researchers to augment or replace human-generated training data with surrogate training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Nicholas Pangakis , Samuel Wolken

Despite the recent ubiquity of large language models and their high zero-shot prompted performance across a wide range of tasks, it is still not known how well they perform on tasks which require processing of potentially idiomatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dylan Phelps , Thomas Pickard , Maggie Mi , Edward Gow-Smith , Aline Villavicencio

Through solving pretext tasks, self-supervised learning (SSL) leverages unlabeled data to extract useful latent representations replacing traditional input features in the downstream task. A common pretext task consists in pretraining a SSL…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-14 Salah Zaiem , Titouan Parcollet , Slim Essid

Entailment has been recognized as an important metric for evaluating natural language understanding (NLU) models, and recent studies have found that entailment pretraining benefits weakly supervised fine-tuning. In this work, we design a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Jiaxin Ge , Hongyin Luo , Yoon Kim , James Glass

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show impressive vision-language benchmark performance, yet growing concerns about data contamination (test set exposure during training) risk masking true generalization. This concern extends to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ming Liu , Wensheng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs), originally developed for natural language processing (NLP), have demonstrated the potential to generalize across modalities and domains. With their in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, LLMs can perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Nikolaos Pavlidis , Vasilis Perifanis , Symeon Symeonidis , Pavlos S. Efraimidis

How can large language models (LLMs) process and translate endangered languages? Many languages lack a large corpus to train a decent LLM; therefore existing LLMs rarely perform well in unseen, endangered languages. On the contrary, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Kexun Zhang , Yee Man Choi , Zhenqiao Song , Taiqi He , William Yang Wang , Lei Li

Existing solutions to zero-shot text classification either conduct prompting with pre-trained language models, which is sensitive to the choices of templates, or rely on large-scale annotated data of relevant tasks for meta-tuning. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Chaoqun Liu , Wenxuan Zhang , Guizhen Chen , Xiaobao Wu , Anh Tuan Luu , Chip Hong Chang , Lidong Bing

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have made significant progress in encoding world knowledge and spawned a new set of learning paradigms including zero-shot, few-shot, and in-context learning. Many language tasks can be modeled as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Debaditya Shome , Kuldeep Yadav

Whereas conventional spoken language understanding (SLU) systems map speech to text, and then text to intent, end-to-end SLU systems map speech directly to intent through a single trainable model. Achieving high accuracy with these…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-26 Loren Lugosch , Mirco Ravanelli , Patrick Ignoto , Vikrant Singh Tomar , Yoshua Bengio

The emergence of Small Language Models (SLMs) as privacy-preserving alternatives for sensitive applications raises a fundamental question about their inherent understanding capabilities compared to Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hong Jia , Shiya Fu , Feng Xia , Vassilis Kostakos , Ting Dang