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Systems subject to a high-frequency drive can spend an exponentially long time in a prethermal regime, in which novel phases of matter with no equilibrium counterpart can be realized. Due to the notorious computational challenges of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-29 Andrea Pizzi , Andreas Nunnenkamp , Johannes Knolle

We introduce a new class of out-of-equilibrium noninteracting topological phases, the topological space-time crystals. These are time-dependent quantum systems which do not have discrete spatial translation symmetries, but instead are…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Yang Peng

We investigate the conditions under which periodically driven quantum systems subject to dissipation exhibit a stable subharmonic response. Noting that coupling to a bath introduces not only cooling but also noise, we point out that a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-08 Achilleas Lazarides , Sthitadhi Roy , Francesco Piazza , Roderich Moessner

Time crystals appear when systems display a commensurate spontaneous breaking of the discrete time translational invariance imposed by an external periodic drive. No consensus on the definition has been reached as yet, but important aspects…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-01-18 Robin Schäfer , Götz S. Uhrig , Joachim Stolze

Non-equilibrium Rydberg gases exhibit exotic many-body phases stabilized by the interplay of coherent interactions and dissipation. Strong Rydberg interactions drive sustained limit cycle oscillations, whose robustness, long-range temporal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 Darmindra Arumugam

The spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry in periodically driven Floquet systems can lead to a discrete time crystal. Here we study the occurrence of such dynamical phase in a driven-dissipative optomechanical system with two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Dongni Chen , Zhengyang Peng , Jiahui Li , Stefano Chesi , Yingdan Wang

Discrete time crystals are periodically driven systems that display spontaneous symmetry breaking of time translation invariance in the form of indefinite subharmonic oscillations. We introduce a thermodynamically consistent model for a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-01-20 Lukas Oberreiter , Udo Seifert , Andre C. Barato

Time crystals spontaneously break the time translation symmetry, as recently has been frequently reported in quantum systems. Here we describe the observation of classical analogues of both 1+1-dimensional and 2+1-dimensional discrete…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-24 Hanqing Zhao , Rui Zhang , Ivan I. Smalyukh

A connection has recently been proposed between periodically driven systems known as Floquet insulators in continuous time and static fermion theories in discrete time. This connection has been established in a $(1+1)$-dimensional free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-09 Thomas Iadecola , Srimoyee Sen , Lars Sivertsen

The formation of a phase of matter can be associated with the spontaneous breaking of a symmetry. For crystallization, this broken symmetry is the spatial translation symmetry, as the atoms spontaneously localize in a periodic fashion. In…

Discrete time-crystals are periodically driven quantum many-body systems with broken discrete-time translational symmetry, a non-equilibrium steady state representing self-organization of motion of quantum particles. Observations of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-06-28 Subhajit Sarkar , Yonatan Dubi

We study the non-equilibrium dynamics, thermalisation and attractor behaviour of charm quarks in a longitudinally expanding Quark-Gluon Plasma within the Relativistic Boltzmann Transport approach in 1+1D Bjorken expansion. Considering both…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-06 Shile Chen , Vincenzo Nugara , Maria Lucia Sambataro , Salvatore Plumari , Vincenzo Greco

It is proved that the energy absorption in a periodically driven classical spin system is exponentially slow in frequency, which results in a two-step relaxation called the Floquet prethermalization. This result is shown by establishing the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-09-19 Takashi Mori

Quantum many-body systems display rich phase structure in their low-temperature equilibrium states. However, much of nature is not in thermal equilibrium. Remarkably, it was recently predicted that out-of-equilibrium systems can exhibit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Xiao Mi , Matteo Ippoliti , Chris Quintana , Ami Greene , Zijun Chen , Jonathan Gross , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Joseph C. Bardin , Joao Basso , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexander Bilmes , Alexandre Bourassa , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Benjamin Chiaro , Roberto Collins , William Courtney , Dripto Debroy , Sean Demura , Alan R. Derk , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Edward Farhi , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Craig Gidney , Marissa Giustina , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Jeremy Hilton , Alan Ho , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , L. B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Dvir Kafri , Tanuj Khattar , Seon Kim , Alexei Kitaev , Paul V. Klimov , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Joonho Lee , Kenny Lee , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor McCourt , Matt McEwen , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Shirin Montazeri , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Michael Newman , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O\' Brien , Alex Opremcak , Eric Ostby , Balint Pato , Andre Petukhov , Nicholas C. Rubin , Daniel Sank , Kevin J. Satzinger , Vladimir Shvarts , Yuan Su , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Matthew D. Trevithick , Benjamin Villalonga , Theodore White , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Adam Zalcman , Hartmut Neven , Sergio Boixo , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Anthony Megrant , Julian Kelly , Yu Chen , S. L. Sondhi , Roderich Moessner , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Vedika Khemani , Pedram Roushan

Floquet many-body phases such as discrete time crystals (DTCs) are typically fragile to imperfections, and stabilizing them on noisy quantum hardware remains a central challenge in nonequilibrium quantum physics. Here, we use IBM Eagle and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Kazuya Shinjo , Kazuhiro Seki , Seiji Yunoki

Time crystals are physical systems whose time translation symmetry is spontaneously broken. Although the spontaneous breaking of continuous time-translation symmetry in static systems is proved impossible for the equilibrium state, the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2020-08-19 Lingzhen Guo , Pengfei Liang

We construct a class of period-$n$-tupling discrete time crystals based on $\mathbb{Z}_n$ clock variables, for all the integers $n$. We consider two classes of systems where this phenomenology occurs, disordered models with short-range…

We investigate the emergence of time quasicrystals (TQCs) in the open Dicke model, subjected to a quasi-periodic Fibonacci drive. TQCs are characterized by a robust sub-harmonic quasi-periodic response that is qualitatively distinct from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Sk Anisur , Sayan Choudhury

Crystals form regular and robust structures that under extreme conditions can melt and recrystallize into different arrangements in a process that is called crystal metamorphism. While crystals exist due to the breaking of a continuous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Victor M. Bastidas , Marta P. Estarellas , Tomo Osada , Kae Nemoto , William J. Munro

Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) progressively play an important role in different fields of physics, particularly in the non-equilibrium quantum many-body systems. In this paper, we show that OTOCs can be used to prob the Floquet…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-03-11 Sara Zamani , R. Jafari , A. Langari
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