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Recent embodied agents are primarily built based on reinforcement learning (RL) or large language models (LLMs). Among them, RL agents are efficient for deployment but only perform very few tasks. By contrast, giant LLM agents (often more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Zhuoling Li , Xiaogang Xu , Zhenhua Xu , SerNam Lim , Hengshuang Zhao

Multi-step planning has been widely employed to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) on downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks, which decomposes the original task into multiple subtasks and guide LLMs to solve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zepeng Ding , Dixuan Wang , Ziqin Luo , Guochao Jiang , Deqing Yang , Jiaqing Liang

Embodied agents tasked with complex scenarios, whether in real or simulated environments, rely heavily on robust planning capabilities. When instructions are formulated in natural language, large language models (LLMs) equipped with…

People often give instructions whose meaning is ambiguous without further context, expecting that their actions or goals will disambiguate their intentions. How can we build assistive agents that follow such instructions in a flexible,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Tan Zhi-Xuan , Lance Ying , Vikash Mansinghka , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Planning in complex environments requires an agent to efficiently query a world model to find a feasible sequence of actions from start to goal. Recent work has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs), with their rich prior knowledge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Gonzalo Gonzalez-Pumariega , Wayne Chen , Kushal Kedia , Sanjiban Choudhury

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has made natural language-driven route planning an emerging research area that encompasses rich user objectives. Current research exhibits two distinct approaches: direct route planning using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Liangqi Yuan , Dong-Jun Han , Christopher G. Brinton , Sabine Brunswicker

Efficient path planning in robotics, particularly within large-scale, complex environments, remains a significant hurdle. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer strong reasoning capabilities, their high computational cost and limited…

Planning for both immediate and long-term benefits becomes increasingly important in recommendation. Existing methods apply Reinforcement Learning (RL) to learn planning capacity by maximizing cumulative reward for long-term recommendation.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Wentao Shi , Xiangnan He , Yang Zhang , Chongming Gao , Xinyue Li , Jizhi Zhang , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng

In the Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task, the agent is required to navigate to a destination following a natural language instruction. While learning-based approaches have been a major solution to the task, they suffer from high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zhaohuan Zhan , Lisha Yu , Sijie Yu , Guang Tan

Enabling humanoid robots to perform long-horizon mobile manipulation planning in real-world environments based on embodied perception and comprehension abilities has been a longstanding challenge. With the recent rise of large language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Fangyuan Wang , Shipeng Lyu , Peng Zhou , Anqing Duan , Guodong Guo , David Navarro-Alarcon

Embodied planning requires agents to make coherent multi-step decisions based on dynamic visual observations and natural language goals. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) excel at static perception tasks, they struggle with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Di Wu , Jiaxin Fan , Junzhe Zang , Guanbo Wang , Wei Yin , Wenhao Li , Bo Jin

Language-guided long-horizon manipulation of deformable objects presents significant challenges due to high degrees of freedom, complex dynamics, and the need for accurate vision-language grounding. In this work, we focus on multi-step…

Enabling robotic agents to perform complex long-horizon tasks has been a long-standing goal in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI). Despite the potential shown by large language models (LLMs), their planning capabilities remain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Guanqi Chen , Lei Yang , Ruixing Jia , Zhe Hu , Yizhou Chen , Wei Zhang , Wenping Wang , Jia Pan

Real-world path planning tasks typically involve multiple constraints beyond simple route optimization, such as the number of routes, maximum route length, depot locations, and task-specific requirements. Traditional approaches rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Dylan Shim , Minghan Wei

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, yet improving their problem-solving capabilities, particularly for complex, reasoning-intensive tasks, remains a persistent challenge. This paper introduces the REAP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Ryan Lingo , Martin Arroyo , Rajeev Chhajer

Humans learn from life events to form intuitions towards the understanding of visual environments and languages. Envision that you are instructed by a high-level instruction, "Go to the bathroom in the master bedroom and replace the blue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Xiangru Lin , Guanbin Li , Yizhou Yu

Long-term planning in complex, text-based environments presents significant challenges due to open-ended action spaces, ambiguous observations, and sparse feedback. Recent research suggests that large language models (LLMs) encode rich…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Haoye Lu , Pavan Seshadri , Kaheer Suleman

By conditioning on natural language instructions, large language models (LLMs) have displayed impressive capabilities as general-purpose computers. However, task performance depends significantly on the quality of the prompt used to steer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Yongchao Zhou , Andrei Ioan Muresanu , Ziwen Han , Keiran Paster , Silviu Pitis , Harris Chan , Jimmy Ba

Sparse reward environments in reinforcement learning (RL) pose significant challenges for exploration, often leading to inefficient or incomplete learning processes. To tackle this issue, this work proposes a teacher-student RL framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Unai Ruiz-Gonzalez , Alain Andres , Pedro G. Bascoy , Javier Del Ser

In the past year, large language models (LLMs) have had remarkable success in domains outside the traditional natural language processing, and their capacity is further expanded into the so-called LLM agents when connected with external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Weizhe Chen , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina