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Artificial neural networks have become ubiquitous in modern life, which has triggered the emergence of a new class of application specific integrated circuits for their acceleration. ReRAM-based accelerators have gained significant traction…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-14 Jason K. Eshraghian , Sung-Mo Kang , Seungbum Baek , Garrick Orchard , Herbert Ho-Ching Iu , Wen Lei

Herein, a bit-wise Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in-memory accelerator is implemented using Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) computational sub-arrays. It utilizes a novel AND-Accumulation method capable of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Arman Roohi , Shaahin Angizi , Deliang Fan , Ronald F DeMara

Compute-in-Memory (CIM) and weight sparsity are two effective techniques to reduce data movement during Neural Network (NN) inference. However, they can hardly be employed in the same accelerator simultaneously because CIM requires…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Weiping Yang , Shilin Zhou , Hui Xu , Yujiao Nie , Qimin Zhou , Zhiwei Li , Changlin Chen

Neural networks are an increasingly attractive algorithm for natural language processing and pattern recognition. Deep networks with >50M parameters are made possible by modern GPU clusters operating at <50 pJ per op and more recently,…

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) increases the requirement for edge computing with low power and relatively high processing speed devices. The Computing-In-Memory(CIM) schemes based on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Yewei Zhang , Kejie Huang , Rui Xiao , Haibin Shen

The surge in AI usage demands innovative power reduction strategies. Novel Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures, leveraging advanced memory technologies, hold the potential for significantly lowering energy consumption by integrating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 José Cubero-Cascante , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rebecca Pelke , Lorenzo Pfeifer , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) offer significant promise for generating photorealistic images and videos. However, existing mainstream neural rendering models often fall short in meeting the demands for immediacy and power efficiency in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Fangxin Liu , Haomin Li , Bowen Zhu , Zongwu Wang , Zhuoran Song , Habing Guan , Li Jiang

Accommodating all the weights on-chip for large-scale NNs remains a great challenge for SRAM based computing-in-memory (SRAM-CIM) with limited on-chip capacity. Previous non-volatile SRAM-CIM (nvSRAM-CIM) addresses this issue by integrating…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Dengfeng Wang , Liukai Xu , Songyuan Liu , Zhi Li , Yiming Chen , Weifeng He , Xueqing Li , Yanan Sun

RRAM-based multi-core systems improve the energy efficiency and performance of CNNs. Thereby, the distributed parallel execution of convolutional layers causes critical data dependencies that limit the potential speedup. This paper presents…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Rebecca Pelke , Nils Bosbach , Jose Cubero , Felix Staudigl , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

A compact, accurate, and bitwidth-programmable in-memory computing (IMC) static random-access memory (SRAM) macro, named CAP-RAM, is presented for energy-efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) inference. It leverages a novel…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Zhiyu Chen , Zhanghao Yu , Qing Jin , Yan He , Jingyu Wang , Sheng Lin , Dai Li , Yanzhi Wang , Kaiyuan Yang

Compute-in-memory (CIM) is an efficient method for implementing deep neural networks (DNNs) but suffers from substantial overhead from analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), especially as ADC precision increases. Low-precision ADCs can reduce…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Jiyoon Kim , Kang Eun Jeon , Yulhwa Kim , Jong Hwan Ko

The wide adoption of deep neural networks has been accompanied by ever-increasing energy and performance demands due to the expensive nature of training them. Numerous special-purpose architectures have been proposed to accelerate training:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Aayush Ankit , Izzat El Hajj , Sai Rahul Chalamalasetti , Sapan Agarwal , Matthew Marinella , Martin Foltin , John Paul Strachan , Dejan Milojicic , Wen-mei Hwu , Kaushik Roy

Binary neural networks (BNNs) that use 1-bit weights and activations have garnered interest as extreme quantization provides low power dissipation. By implementing BNNs as computing-in-memory (CIM), which computes multiplication and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Minh-Son Le , Thi-Nhan Pham , Thanh-Dat Nguyen , Ik-Joon Chang

Realizing today's cloud-level artificial intelligence functionalities directly on devices distributed at the edge of the internet calls for edge hardware capable of processing multiple modalities of sensory data (e.g. video, audio) at…

The objective of this study is to illustrate the process of training a Deep Neural Network (DNN) within a Resistive RAM (ReRAM) Crossbar-based simulation environment using CrossSim, an Application Programming Interface (API) developed for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Tejaswanth Reddy Maram , Ria Barnwal , Bindu B

Neural processor development is reducing our reliance on remote server access to process deep learning operations in an increasingly edge-driven world. By employing in-memory processing, parallelization techniques, and algorithm-hardware…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-25 Jaeheum Lee , Jason K. Eshraghian , Kyoungrok Cho , Kamran Eshraghian

Artificial Neural Network computation relies on intensive vector-matrix multiplications. Recently, the emerging nonvolatile memory (NVM) crossbar array showed a feasibility of implementing such operations with high energy efficiency, thus…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Hyungjun Kim , Taesu Kim , Jinseok Kim , Jae-Joon Kim

The widespread adoption of data-centric algorithms, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), has exposed the limitations of centralized processing infrastructures, driving a shift towards edge computing. This…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrate promising accuracy in a wide range of applications. Among all layers in CNNs, convolution layers are the most computation-intensive and consume the most energy. As the maturity of device and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Sho Ko , Yun Joon Soh , Jishen Zhao

The design of systems implementing low precision neural networks with emerging memories such as resistive random access memory (RRAM) is a significant lead for reducing the energy consumption of artificial intelligence. To achieve maximum…