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Reinforcement learning (RL) has become the de facto standard practice for sequential decision-making problems by improving future acting policies with feedback. However, RL algorithms may require extensive trial-and-error interactions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Shenao Zhang , Sirui Zheng , Shuqi Ke , Zhihan Liu , Wanxin Jin , Jianbo Yuan , Yingxiang Yang , Hongxia Yang , Zhaoran Wang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently shown great promise in advancing robotics by combining embodied reasoning with robot control. A common approach involves training on embodied reasoning tasks related to robot control using…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Dongyoung Kim , Sumin Park , Huiwon Jang , Jinwoo Shin , Jaehyung Kim , Younggyo Seo

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have gained much attention from the research community thanks to their strength in translating multimodal observations with linguistic instructions into desired robotic actions. Despite their…

Most existing vision-language-action (VLA) models for robotic manipulation lack progress awareness, typically relying on hand-crafted heuristics for task termination. This limitation is particularly severe in long-horizon tasks involving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hongyu Yan , Qiwei Li , Jiaolong Yang , Yadong Mu

Developing robust and general-purpose manipulation policies represents a fundamental objective in robotics research. While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated promising capabilities for end-to-end robot control, existing…

We present a data-efficient framework for solving visuomotor sequential decision-making problems which exploits the combination of reinforcement learning (RL) and latent variable generative models. Our framework trains deep visuomotor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Ali Ghadirzadeh , Petra Poklukar , Ville Kyrki , Danica Kragic , Mårten Björkman

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach for solving various control, optimization, and sequential decision making tasks. However, designing reward functions for complex tasks (e.g., with multiple objectives and safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Xuan Zhao , Marcos Campos

Reinforcement learning (RL) can enable task-oriented dialogue systems to steer the conversation towards successful task completion. In an end-to-end setting, a response can be constructed in a word-level sequential decision making process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Nurul Lubis , Christian Geishauser , Michael Heck , Hsien-chin Lin , Marco Moresi , Carel van Niekerk , Milica Gašić

Recent advances at the intersection of reinforcement learning (RL) and visual intelligence have enabled agents that not only perceive complex visual scenes but also reason, generate, and act within them. This survey offers a critical and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Weijia Wu , Chen Gao , Joya Chen , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Qingwei Meng , Yiming Zhang , Yuke Qiu , Hong Zhou , Mike Zheng Shou

Reinforcement Learning (RL) plays an important role in the robotic manipulation domain since it allows self-learning from trial-and-error interactions with the environment. Still, sample efficiency and reward specification seriously limit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Kun Chu , Xufeng Zhao , Cornelius Weber , Mengdi Li , Stefan Wermter

Language Models and Vision Language Models have recently demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in terms of understanding human intentions, reasoning, scene understanding, and planning-like behaviour, in text form, among many others. In…

Online decision tree learning algorithms typically examine all features of a new data point to update model parameters. We propose a novel alternative, Reinforcement Learning- based Decision Trees (RLDT), that uses Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-27 Abhinav Garlapati , Aditi Raghunathan , Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Balaraman Ravindran

A fundamental objective of manipulation policy design is to endow robots to comprehend human instructions, reason about scene cues, and execute generalized actions in dynamic environments. Recent autoregressive vision-language-action (VLA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jiaming Liu , Hao Chen , Pengju An , Zhuoyang Liu , Renrui Zhang , Chenyang Gu , Xiaoqi Li , Ziyu Guo , Sixiang Chen , Mengzhen Liu , Chengkai Hou , Mengdi Zhao , KC alex Zhou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Shanghang Zhang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies excel in aligning language, perception, and robot control. However, most VLAs are trained purely by imitation, which overfits to demonstrations, and is brittle under distribution shift. Reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Jiahui Zhang , Ze Huang , Chun Gu , Zipei Ma , Li Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become an effective paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) and visual generative models. However, its application in text-to-audio (TTA) generation remains largely under-explored. Prior work…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Xiquan Li , Junxi Liu , Wenxi Chen , Haina Zhu , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen

In natural language processing tasks, pure reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning methods often suffer from inefficient exploration and slow convergence; while supervised fine-tuning (SFT) methods, although efficient in training, have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Min Zeng , Jingfei Sun , Xueyou Luo , Caiquan Liu , Shiqi Zhang , Li Xie , Xiaoxin Chen

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly rely on end-to-end fine-tuning. While effective, this paradigm compromises the inherent generalization capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and incurs catastrophic…

Recent research has demonstrated the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) in enabling effective multi-robot collaboration, particularly in social dilemmas where robots face a trade-off between self-interests and collective benefits.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Shahab Nikkhoo , Zexin Li , Aritra Samanta , Yufei Li , Cong Liu

Simulation offers a scalable and low-cost way to enrich vision-language-action (VLA) training, reducing reliance on expensive real-robot demonstrations. However, most sim-real co-training methods rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT), which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Liangzhi Shi , Shuaihang Chen , Feng Gao , Yinuo Chen , Kang Chen , Tonghe Zhang , Hongzhi Zang , Weinan Zhang , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models remain brittle in long-horizon, contact-rich manipulation because success-only imitation provides little supervision for execution drift, while failed rollouts are often discarded. We introduce RePO-VLA,…