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Effective problem solving among multiple agents requires a better understanding of the role of communication in collaboration. In this paper we show that there are communicative strategies that greatly improve the performance of…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Marilyn A. Walker

Large language models (LLMs) excel in both closed tasks (including problem-solving, and code generation) and open tasks (including creative writing), yet existing explanations for their capabilities lack connections to real-world human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yifan Duan , Yihong Tang , Xuefeng Bai , Kehai Chen , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Recent works began to automate the design of agentic systems using meta-agents that propose and iteratively refine new agent architectures. In this paper, we examine three key challenges in a common class of meta-agents. First, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Batu El , Mert Yuksekgonul , James Zou

Agents powered by advanced large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse complex applications. Recently, Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), wherein multiple agents collaborate and communicate with each other,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Shijun Li , Hilaf Hasson , Joydeep Ghosh

Leveraging multiple large language model (LLM) agents has shown to be a promising approach for tackling complex tasks, while the effective design of multiple agents for a particular application remains an art. It is thus intriguing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Linxin Song , Jiale Liu , Jieyu Zhang , Shaokun Zhang , Ao Luo , Shijian Wang , Qingyun Wu , Chi Wang

This paper formalises the literature on emerging design patterns and paradigms for Large Language Model (LLM)-enabled multi-agent systems (MAS), evaluating their practical utility across various domains. We define key architectural…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Harri Renney , Maxim N Nethercott , Nathan Renney , Peter Hayes

The design space of agentic AI inference spans two extremes: frontier large language models (LLMs), typically hosted in the cloud and offering strong performance across a wide range of tasks at substantially high cost, and more…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Corrado Rainone , Davide Belli , Bence Major , Arash Behboodi

Generating performant executables from high level languages is critical to software performance across a wide range of domains. Modern compilers perform this task by passing code through a series of well-studied optimizations at…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Benjamin Mikek , Danylo Vashchilenko , Bryan Lu , Panpan Xu

This paper addresses the problem of collaboratively satisfying long-term spatial constraints in multi-agent systems. Each agent is subject to spatial constraints, expressed as inequalities, which may depend on the positions of other agents…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-23 Farhad Mehdifar , Mani H. Dhullipalla , Charalampos P. Bechlioulis , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

As the interest in Artificial Intelligence continues to grow it is becoming more and more important to investigate formalization and tools that allow us to exploit logic to reason about the world. In particular, given the increasing number…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Francesco Fabiano

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning abilities across mathematical, strategic, and linguistic tasks, yet little is known about how well they reason in dynamic, real-time, multi-agent scenarios, such as collaborative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Shaurya Mallampati , Rashed Shelim , Walid Saad , Naren Ramakrishnan

In most multiagent applications, communication is essential among agents to coordinate their actions, and thus achieve their goal. However, communication often has a related cost that affects overall system performance. In this paper, we…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Abeer Alshehri , Tim Miller , Liz Sonenberg

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in natural language understanding, yet their reasoning capabilities remain limited when operating as single agents. Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has been proposed to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xiao Wang , Jia Wang , Yijie Wang , Pengtao Dang , Sha Cao , Chi Zhang

Recent advancements in LLMs indicate potential for novel applications, as evidenced by the reasoning capabilities in the latest OpenAI and DeepSeek models. To apply these models to domain-specific applications beyond text generation,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Felix Härer

Multi-agent systems have demonstrated exceptional performance in downstream tasks beyond diverse single agent baselines. A growing body of work has explored ways to improve their reasoning and collaboration, from vote, debate, to complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yu Yao , Jiayi Dong , Yang Yang , Ju Li , Yilun Du

Multi-agent AI systems can be used for simulating collective decision-making in scientific and practical applications. They can also be used to introduce a diverse group discussion step in chatbot pipelines, enhancing the cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Razan Baltaji , Babak Hemmatian , Lav R. Varshney

LLMs often underperform on complex reasoning tasks when relying on a single generation-and-selection pipeline. Inference-time ensemble methods can improve performance by sampling diverse reasoning paths or aggregating multiple candidate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tong Zhu , Baiting Chen , Jin Zhou , Hua Zhou , Sriram Sankararaman , Xiaowu Dai

Although artificial intelligence (AI) now matches or exceeds human performance across numerous cognitive tasks, creativity remains a highly contested frontier. As AI systems based on large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tiancheng Hu , Yixuan Jiang , Haotian Li , José Hernández-Orallo , Xing Xie , Nigel Collier , David Stillwell , Luning Sun

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents marks a significant shift in the research landscape by offering cognitive abilities that are competitive with human planning and reasoning. This paper explores the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Junda He , Christoph Treude , David Lo

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit sycophancy: agreement with user stance even when it conflicts with the model's opinion. While prior work has mostly studied this in single-agent settings, it remains underexplored in collaborative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Vira Kasprova , Amruta Parulekar , Abdulrahman AlRabah , Krishna Agaram , Ritwik Garg , Sagar Jha , Nimet Beyza Bozdag , Dilek Hakkani-Tur