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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on chain-of-thought (CoT) data shows that a small amount of high-quality data can outperform massive datasets. Yet, what constitutes "quality" remains ill-defined. Existing reasoning methods rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Prateek Humane , Paolo Cudrano , Daniel Z. Kaplan , Matteo Matteucci , Supriyo Chakraborty , Irina Rish

Optimizing inference for long-context large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important due to the quadratic compute and linear memory cost of Transformers. Existing approximate inference methods, including key-value (KV) cache…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kevin Galim , Ethan Ewer , Wonjun Kang , Minjae Lee , Hyung Il Koo , Kangwook Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on reasoning-intensive tasks, but enhancing their reasoning abilities typically relies on either reinforcement learning (RL) with verifiable signals or supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yige Yuan , Teng Xiao , Shuchang Tao , Xue Wang , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Bingbing Xu

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in visual understanding. This impressive leap raises a compelling question: how can language models, initially trained solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Jing Bi , Junjia Guo , Yunlong Tang , Lianggong Bruce Wen , Zhang Liu , Chenliang Xu

Aligning general-purpose large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks often incurs significant training adjustment costs. Prior research has explored various avenues to enhance alignment efficiency, primarily through minimal-data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hao Chen , Haoze Li , Zhiqing Xiao , Lirong Gao , Qi Zhang , Xiaomeng Hu , Ningtao Wang , Xing Fu , Junbo Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains but remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where malicious inputs manipulate the model into ignoring original instructions and executing designated action. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Kuo-Han Hung , Ching-Yun Ko , Ambrish Rawat , I-Hsin Chung , Winston H. Hsu , Pin-Yu Chen

Recurrent neural networks with differentiable attention mechanisms have had success in generative and classification tasks. We show that the classification performance of such models can be enhanced by guiding a randomly initialized model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-18 Jack Lindsey

Discrete diffusion models offer global context awareness and flexible parallel generation. However, uniform random noise schedulers in standard DLLM training overlook the highly non-uniform information density inherent in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Linrui Ma , Yufei Cui , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang

With the rapid development of deep learning, large language models have shown strong capabilities in complex reasoning tasks such as mathematical equation solving. However, their substantial computational and storage costs hinder practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Fengming Yu , Qingyu Meng , Haiwei Pan , Kejia Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional abilities across a broad range of language-related tasks, including generating solutions to complex reasoning problems. An effective technique to enhance LLM performance is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shuzhang Cai , Twumasi Mensah-Boateng , Xander Kuksov , Jing Yuan , Shaojie Tang

Large language models (LLMs) can solve challenging tasks. However, their inference computation on modern GPUs is highly inefficient due to the increasing number of tokens they must attend to as they generate new ones. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Tian Jin , Wanzin Yazar , Zifei Xu , Sayeh Sharify , Xin Wang

Attention heads are one of the building blocks of large language models (LLMs). Prior work on investigating their operation mostly focused on analyzing their behavior during inference for specific circuits or tasks. In this work, we seek a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Amit Elhelo , Mor Geva

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visual understanding and reasoning, but they also impose significant computational burdens due to long visual sequence inputs. Recent works address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Rinyoichi Takezoe , Yaqian Li , Zihao Bo , Anzhou Hou , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long

Visual explanation (attention)-guided learning uses not only labels but also explanations to guide model reasoning process. While visual attention-guided learning has shown promising results, it requires a large number of explanation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Yifei Zhang , Siyi Gu , Bo Pan , Guangji Bai , Meikang Qiu , Xiaofeng Yang , Liang Zhao

As the computational needs of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) increase, visual token pruning has proven effective in improving inference speed and memory efficiency. Traditional pruning methods in LVLMs predominantly focus on attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Bozhi Luan , Wengang Zhou , Hao Feng , Zhe Wang , Xiaosong Li , Houqiang Li

We generalize deep self-attention distillation in MiniLM (Wang et al., 2020) by only using self-attention relation distillation for task-agnostic compression of pretrained Transformers. In particular, we define multi-head self-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Wenhui Wang , Hangbo Bao , Shaohan Huang , Li Dong , Furu Wei

The computational challenges of Large Language Model (LLM) inference remain a significant barrier to their widespread deployment, especially as prompt lengths continue to increase. Due to the quadratic complexity of the attention…

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit substantially shorter effective context lengths than their claimed capacities, especially when handling complex reasoning tasks that require integrating information from multiple parts of a long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yuwei Zhang , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , Jingbo Shang

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance on multimodal reasoning tasks such as visual question answering, image captioning and so on, but their inference cost remains a significant challenge due to the large number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Weichen Zhang , Zhui Zhu , Ningbo Li , Shilong Tao , Kebin Liu , Yunhao Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to enable or improve a multitude of real-world applications. Given the large size of their training data sets, their tendency to memorize training data raises serious privacy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pedram Zaree , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yue Dong , Ihsen Alouani , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh