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The analyzability of hybrid software, which integrates both classical and quantum components, is a key factor in ensuring its maintainability and industrial adoption. This article presents the empirical validation, through a family of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ana Díaz-Muñoz , José A. Cruz-Lemus , Moisés Rodríguez , Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Mario Piattini

We initiate the systematic study of experimental quantum physics from the perspective of computational complexity. To this end, we define the framework of quantum algorithmic measurements (QUALMs), a hybrid of black box quantum algorithms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-09 Dorit Aharonov , Jordan Cotler , Xiao-Liang Qi

Background. In the realm of software engineering, there are widely accepted guidelines for reporting and creating laboratory packages. Unfortunately, the landscape differs considerably in the emerging field of quantum computing. To the best…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Enrique Moguel , José Antonio Parejo , Antonio Ruiz-Cortés , Jose Garcia-Alonso , Juan Manuel Murillo

As quantum computing systems continue to mature, there is an increasing need for benchmarking methodologies that capture performance in terms of meaningful, application-level metrics. In this work, we present a scalable framework for…

Quantum simulation is a leading candidate for demonstrating practical quantum advantage over classical computation, as it is believed to provide exponentially more compute power than any classical system. It offers new means of studying the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Maja Franz , Lukas Schmidbauer , Joshua Ammermann , Ina Schaefer , Wolfgang Mauerer

Quantum access to arbitrary classical data encoded in unitary black-box oracles underlies interesting data-intensive quantum algorithms, such as machine learning or electronic structure simulation. The feasibility of these applications…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Shuchen Zhu , Aarthi Sundaram , Guang Hao Low

A test oracle determines whether a system behaves correctly for a given input. Automatic testing techniques rely on an automated test oracle to test the system without user interaction. Important families of automated test oracles include…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Manuel Rigger , Zhendong Su

While not yet in commercial existence, quantum computers have the ability to solve certain classes of problems that are not efficiently solvable on existing Turing Machine based (classical) computers. For quantum computers to be of use,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-11-13 Matt Purkeypile

The onset of the era of fully-programmable error-corrected quantum computers will be marked by major breakthroughs in all areas of science and engineering. These devices promise to have significant technological and societal impact, notable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-22 Kishor Bharti , Maharshi Ray , Antonios Varvitsiotis , Adán Cabello , Leong-Chuan Kwek

Quantum computing is no longer only a scientific interest but is rapidly becoming an industrially available technology that can potentially overcome the limits of classical computation. Over the last years, all major companies have provided…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Manuel De Stefano , Fabiano Pecorelli , Dario Di Nucci , Fabio Palomba , Andrea De Lucia

Quantum algorithms can be analyzed in a query model to compute Boolean functions where input is given in a black box, but the aim is to compute function value for arbitrary input using as few queries as possible. In this paper we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-24 Alina Dubrovska Vasilieva , Taisia Mischenko-Slatenkova

Query complexity is a common tool for comparing quantum and classical computation, and it has produced many examples of how quantum algorithms differ from classical ones. Here we investigate in detail the role that oracles play for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-20 Niklas Johansson , Jan-Åke Larsson

Quantum computing has demonstrated the potential to solve computationally intensive problems more efficiently than classical methods. Many software engineering tasks, such as test case selection, static analysis, code clone detection, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jianjun Zhao

Due to the fragility of quantum mechanical effects, real quantum computers are plagued by frequent noise effects that cause errors during computations. Quantum error-correcting codes address this problem by providing means to identify and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Thomas Grurl , Christoph Pichler , Jürgen Fuß , Robert Wille

With recent advances in the development of more powerful quantum computers, the re-search area of quantum software engineering is emerging. Quantum software plays a critical role in exploiting the full potential of quantum computing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Muhammad Azeem Akbar , Saima Rafi , Arif Ali Khan

Many quantum programs require circuits for addition, subtraction and logical operations. These circuits may be packaged within routines known as oracles. However, oracles can be tedious to code with current frameworks. To solve this problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 Ayush Tambde

Quantum metric learning enhances machine learning by mapping classical data to a quantum Hilbert space with maximal separation between classes. However, on current NISQ hardware, this mapping process itself is prone to errors and could be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ahmed Shokry , Movahhed Sadeghi , Mahmut Kandemir

The main promise of quantum computing is to efficiently solve certain problems that are prohibitively expensive for a classical computer. Most problems with a proven quantum advantage involve the repeated use of a black box, or oracle,…

Quantum software testing introduces new challenges that differ fundamentally from those in classical software engineering. Aims: This study investigates how the quantum software industry defines testing roles and what skills are expected…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Cesar França

Quantum computers are expected to offer substantial speedups over their classical counterparts and to solve problems that are intractable for classical computers. Beyond such practical significance, the concept of quantum computation opens…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-13 Stefanie Barz , Joseph F. Fitzsimons , Elham Kashefi , Philip Walther