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The quadratic complexity and indefinitely growing key-value (KV) cache of standard Transformers pose a major barrier to long-context processing. To overcome this, we introduce the Collaborative Memory Transformer (CoMeT), a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Runsong Zhao , Shilei Liu , Jiwei Tang , Langming Liu , Haibin Chen , Weidong Zhang , Yujin Yuan , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) that can be deployed locally have recently gained popularity for privacy-sensitive tasks, with companies such as Meta, Google, and Intel playing significant roles in their development. However, the security of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zibo Gao , Junjie Hu , Feng Guo , Yixin Zhang , Yinglong Han , Siyuan Liu , Haiyang Li , Zhiqiang Lv

Privacy protection has become an increasing concern in modern machine learning applications. Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) has attracted growing research attention, with approaches such as secure multiparty computation (MPC)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Pengzhi Huang , Kiwan Maeng , G. Edward Suh

Deep learning has achieved great success in many applications. However, its deployment in practice has been hurdled by two issues: the privacy of data that has to be aggregated centrally for model training and high communication overhead…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Tien-Dung Cao , Tram Truong-Huu , Hien Tran , Khanh Tran

Large Language Model (LLM) inference on large-scale systems is expected to dominate future cloud infrastructures. Efficient LLM inference in cloud environments with numerous AI accelerators is challenging, necessitating extensive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ilias Bournias , Lukas Cavigelli , Georgios Zacharopoulos

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in advancing natural language processing but often struggle with complex reasoning tasks due to inefficient attention distributions. In this paper, we explore the effect of increased computed tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Transformer based Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used in many fields, and the efficiency of LLM inference becomes hot topic in real applications. However, LLMs are usually complicatedly designed in model structure with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hui Wu , Yi Gan , Feng Yuan , Jing Ma , Wei Zhu , Yutao Xu , Hong Zhu , Yuhua Zhu , Xiaoli Liu , Jinghui Gu , Peng Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in agentic systems that interact with an untrusted environment. However, LLM agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks when handling untrusted data. In this paper we propose…

Recent data-extraction attacks have exposed that language models can memorize some training samples verbatim. This is a vulnerability that can compromise the privacy of the model's training data. In this work, we introduce SubMix: a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Antonio Ginart , Laurens van der Maaten , James Zou , Chuan Guo

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed a substantial surge in demand for LLM services. While traditional cloud-based LLM services satisfy high-accuracy requirements, they fall short in meeting critical demands…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zuan Xie , Yang Xu , Hongli Xu , Yunming Liao , Zhiwei Yao

Prompt engineering has emerged as a powerful technique for optimizing large language models (LLMs) for specific applications, enabling faster prototyping and improved performance, and giving rise to the interest of the community in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Roman Levin , Valeriia Cherepanova , Abhimanyu Hans , Avi Schwarzschild , Tom Goldstein

The computational complexity of large language model (LLM) inference significantly constrains their deployment efficiency on edge devices. In contrast, small language models offer faster decoding and lower resource consumption but often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jianshu She , Wenhao Zheng , Zhengzhong Liu , Hongyi Wang , Eric Xing , Huaxiu Yao , Qirong Ho

Deploying local AI models, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), to edge devices can substantially enhance devices' independent capabilities, alleviate the server's burden, and lower the response time. Owing to these tremendous potentials,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Nobel Dhar , Bobin Deng , Md Romyull Islam , Kazi Fahim Ahmad Nasif , Liang Zhao , Kun Suo

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in enterprise settings (e.g., as Microsoft 365 Copilot) face novel security challenges. One critical threat is prompt inference attacks: adversaries chain together seemingly benign prompts to gradually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Andrii Balashov , Olena Ponomarova , Xiaohua Zhai

Rapid advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have revolutionized many fields, including healthcare. However, these advances raise significant privacy concerns, especially when pre-trained models fine-tuned and specialized on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Antoine Boutet , Lucas Magnana , Juliette Sénéchal

The billion-scale Large Language Models (LLMs) need deployment on expensive server-grade GPUs with large-storage HBMs and abundant computation capability. As LLM-assisted services become popular, achieving cost-effective LLM inference on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Lian Liu , Shixin Zhao , Bing Li , Haimeng Ren , Zhaohui Xu , Mengdi Wang , Xiaowei Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

With the rapid growth in the number of large language model (LLM) users, it is difficult for bandwidth-constrained cloud servers to simultaneously process massive LLM services in real-time. Recently, edge-cloud infrastructures have been…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zheming Yang , Yuanhao Yang , Chang Zhao , Qi Guo , Wenkai He , Wen Ji

Efficiently enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in federated learning environments remains challenging, particularly when balancing performance gains with strict computational, communication, and privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Chuan Li , Qianyi Zhao , Fengran Mo , Cen Chen

Advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across a wide range of complex and long-context natural language tasks. However, performing long-context LLM inference locally on a commodity GPU (a PC) with privacy…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-03 He Sun , Li Li , Mingjun Xiao , Chengzhong Xu