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Spiking neural networks (SNNs) can be used for implementing cost-efficient artificial intelligence computing or mechanistic modelling of experimentally observed neural data. In the latter, fitting neural data with recurrent SNNs (RSNNs)…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-26 Divyansh Sethi , Muhammad Faraz , KongFatt Wong-Lin

We present an oscillator model with both phase and amplitude dynamics for oscillator-based Ising machines (OIMs). The model targets combinatorial optimization problems with polynomial cost functions of arbitrary order and addresses…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lianlong Sun , Matthew X. Burns , Michael C. Huang

A coupled spintronic oscillator array has been considered attractive for neuromorphic computing applications. Experimental reports have shown the nano-constriction geometry to be a relatively easier-to-fabricate platform for implementing…

Oscillator-based Ising/Potts machines (OIMs/OPMs) are promising hardware accelerators for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems using coupled oscillator synchronization dynamics. Analog OIMs/OPMs offer speed advantages but have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yilmaz Ege Gonul , Baris Taskin

The development of physical simulators, called Ising machines, that sample from low energy states of the Ising Hamiltonian has the potential to drastically transform our ability to understand and control complex systems. However, most of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-03-10 Timothee Leleu , Farad Khoyratee , Timothee Levi , Ryan Hamerly , Takashi Kohno , Kazuyuki Aihara

We explore the capabilities of physical computing with Oscillatory Neural Networks (ONN) to solve combinatorial optimization problems. To solve Sudokus with ONNs, we define a novel mapping strategy that utilizes the unique characteristics…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-09 Bram F. Haverkort , Federico Sbravati , Stefan Porfir , Aida Todri-Sanial

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) represent a fundamentally connectionnist and distributed approach to computing, and as such they differ from classical computers that utilize the von Neumann architecture. This has revived research interest…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Anas Skalli , Mirko Goldmann , Nasibeh Haghighi , Stephan Reitzenstein , James A. Lott , Daniel Brunner

Optical neural networks (ONNs) perform extensive computations using photons instead of electrons, resulting in passively energy-efficient and low-latency computing. Among various ONNs, the diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs)…

We present a new way to make Ising machines, i.e., using networks of coupled self-sustaining nonlinear oscillators. Our scheme is theoretically rooted in a novel result that establishes that the phase dynamics of coupled oscillator systems,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Tianshi Wang , Jaijeet Roychowdhury

We consider the dynamic resource allocation problem where the decision space is finite-dimensional, yet the solution must satisfy a large or even infinite number of constraints revealed via streaming data or oracle feedback. We model this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yiming Zong , Jiashuo Jiang

The sparse nonlinear programming (SNP) problem has wide applications in signal and image processing, machine learning, pattern recognition, finance and management, etc. However, the computational challenge posed by SNP has not yet been well…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-26 Chen Zhao , Naihua Xiu , Hou-Duo Qi , Ziyan Luo

Nature-inspired computation is receiving increasing attention. Various Ising machine implementations have recently been proven to be effective in solving numerous combinatorial optimization problems including maximum cut, low density parity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ahmet Yusuf Salim , Bart Selman , Henry Kautz , Zeljko Ignjatovic , Selçuk Köse

Decades of exponential scaling in high performance computing (HPC) efficiency is coming to an end. Transistor based logic in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is approaching physical limits beyond which further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Fiona Knoll , John T. Daly , Jess J. Meyer

The current study uses a novel method of multilevel neurons and high order synchronization effects described by a family of special metrics, for pattern recognition in an oscillatory neural network (ONN). The output oscillator (neuron) of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Andrei Velichko , Maksim Belyaev , Petr Boriskov

This paper addresses synthesizing receding-horizon controllers for nonlinear, control-affine dynamical systems under multiple incompatible hard and soft constraints. Handling incompatibility of constraints has mostly been addressed in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Hardik Parwana , Ruiyang Wang , Dimitra Panagou

Offline reinforcement learning (RL), which refers to decision-making from a previously-collected dataset of interactions, has received significant attention over the past years. Much effort has focused on improving offline RL practicality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Paria Rashidinejad , Hanlin Zhu , Kunhe Yang , Stuart Russell , Jiantao Jiao

There has been a recent surge of interest in physics-based solvers for combinatorial optimization problems. We present a dynamical solver for the Ising problem that is comprised of a network of coupled parametric oscillators and show that…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Sri Krishna Vadlamani , Tianyao Patrick Xiao , Eli Yablonovitch

Oscillator neural networks (ONN) are a promising hardware option for artificial intelligence. With an abundance of theoretical treatments of ONNs, few experimental implementations exist to date. In contrast to prior publications of only…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-10-28 D. E. Nikonov , P. Kurahashi , J. S. Ayers , H. -J. Lee , Y. Fan , I. A. Young

Constrained optimization problems exist in many domains of science, such as thermodynamics, mechanics, economics, etc. These problems are classically solved with the help of the Lagrange multipliers and the Lagrangian function. However, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Cyril Cayron

Programmable optical neural networks (ONNs) can offer high-throughput and energy-efficient solutions for accelerating artificial intelligence (AI) computing. However, existing ONN architectures, typically based on cascaded unitary…