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Sparse linear algebra is crucial in many application domains, but challenging to handle efficiently in both software and hardware, with one- and two-sided operand sparsity handled with distinct approaches. In this work, we enhance an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Paul Scheffler , Florian Zaruba , Fabian Schuiki , Torsten Hoefler , Luca Benini

RISC-V's limited security features hinder its use in confidential computing and heterogeneous platforms. This paper introduces RISecure-PUF, a security extension utilizing existing Physical Unclonable Functions for key generation and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Chenghao Chen , Xiaolin Zhang , Kailun Qin , Tengfei Wang , Yipeng Shi , Tianyi Huang , Chi Zhang , Dawu Gu

The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard has been finalized by Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) in 2020. Compared to the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, VVC offers about 50% compression efficiency gain, in terms of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-19 Yiqun Liu , Mohsen Abdoli , Thomas Guionnet , Christine Guillemot , Aline Roumy

In deep learning frameworks, weight pruning is a widely used technique for improving computational efficiency by reducing the size of large models. This is especially critical for convolutional operators, which often act as performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Chi-Wei Chu , Ding-Yong Hong , Jan-Jan Wu

While microprocessors are used in various applications, they are precluded from the use in high-energy physics applications due to the harsh radiation present. To overcome this limitation a microprocessor design must withstand high doses of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-06 Alexander Walsemann , Michael Karagounis , Alexander Stanitzki , Dietmar Tutsch

Our goal in this paper is to understand how to maximize energy efficiency when designing standard-ISA processor cores for subthreshold operation. We hence develop a custom subthreshold library and use it to synthesize the open-source RISC-V…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Asbjørn Djupdal , Magnus Själander , Magnus Jahre , Snorre Aunet , Trond Ytterdal

Recent advancements in quantization and mixed-precision approaches offers substantial opportunities to improve the speed and energy efficiency of Neural Networks (NN). Research has shown that individual parameters with varying low…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

RISC-V allows for building general-purpose computing platforms with programmable accelerators around a single open-source ISA. However, leveraging heterogeneous SoCs within high-level applications is a tedious task. In this preliminary…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Cyril Koenig , Enrico Zelioli , Frank K. Gürkaynak , Luca Benini

Open-source RISC-V cores are increasingly demanded in domains like automotive and space, where achieving high instructions per cycle (IPC) through superscalar and out-of-order (OoO) execution is crucial. However, high-performance…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zexin Fu , Riccardo Tedeschi , Gianmarco Ottavi , Nils Wistoff , César Fuguet , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini

Embedded systems are pervasively used in many fields nowadays. In mixed-criticality environments (automotive, industry 4.0, drones, etc.) they need to run real-time applications with certain time and safety constraints alongside a rich…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Flavia Caforio , Pierpaolo Iannicelli , Michele Paolino , Daniel Raho

Vector processors frequently suffer from inefficient memory accesses, particularly for strided and segment patterns. While coalescing strided accesses is a natural solution, effectively gathering or scattering elements at fixed strides…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Hongyi Guan , Yichuan Gao , Chenlu Miao , Haoyang Wu , Hang Zhu , Mingfeng Lin , Huayue Liang

Large-scale ML accelerators rely on large numbers of PEs, imposing strict bounds on the area and energy budget of each PE. Prior work demonstrates that limited dual-issue capabilities can be efficiently integrated into a lightweight…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Luca Colagrande , Luca Benini

Spiking Neural Network processing promises to provide high energy efficiency due to the sparsity of the spiking events. However, when realized on general-purpose hardware -- such as a RISC-V processor -- this promise can be undermined and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Wiktor J. Szczerek , Artur Podobas

This article describes an efficient way to implement the multiplication instructions for a RISCV processor. Instead of using three predefined IP blocks for signed, unsigned and mixed multiplication, this article presents a novel extension…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Franc Grootjen , Nikolai Schauer

Hardware/Software (HW/SW) co-designed processors provide a promising solution to the power and complexity problems of the modern microprocessors by keeping their hardware simple. Moreover, they employ several runtime optimizations to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Rakesh Kumar , Alejandro Martinez , Antonio Gonzalez

Spatial dataflow architectures such as reconfigurable dataflow accelerators (RDA) can provide much higher performance and efficiency than CPUs and GPUs. In particular, vectorized reconfigurable dataflow accelerators (vRDA) in recent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Alexander Rucker , Shiv Sundram , Coleman Smith , Matthew Vilim , Raghu Prabhakar , Fredrik Kjolstad , Kunle Olukotun

Owing to the failure of Dennard's scaling the last decade has seen a steep growth of prominent new paradigms leveraging opportunities in computer architecture. Two technologies of interest are Posit and RISC-V. Posit was introduced in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Sugandha Tiwari , Neel Gala , Chester Rebeiro , V. Kamakoti

Modern processors increasingly rely on SIMD instruction sets, such as AVX and RVV, to significantly enhance parallelism and computational performance. However, production-ready compilers like LLVM and GCC often fail to fully exploit…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shihan Fang , Wenxin Zheng

Despite decades of efforts to resolve, memory safety violations are still persistent and problematic in modern systems. Various defense mechanisms have been proposed, but their deployment in real systems remains challenging because of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Yonghae Kim , Anurag Kar , Jaewon Lee , Jaekyu Lee , Hyesoon Kim

This project enables RISC-V microkernel support in IREE, an MLIR-based machine learning compiler and runtime. The approach begins by enabling the lowering of MLIR linalg dialect contraction ops to linalg.mmt4d op for the RISC-V64 target…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Adeel Ahmad , Ahmad Tameem Kamal , Nouman Amir , Bilal Zafar , Saad Bin Nasir