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In this paper, we present a recursive method for $\ell$-loop planar integrands in colored quantum field theories. We start with the classical equation of motion and then pick out the comb component, which will help us to define the loop…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-23 Yi-Xiao Tao

We introduce a prescription to define form factor integrands at loop level in planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. This relies on a periodic kinematic configuration that has been instrumental to describe form factors at…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-27 Lorenzo Bianchi , Andreas Brandhuber , Rodolfo Panerai , Gabriele Travaglini

The quark form factor is known to exponentiate within the framework of dimensionally regularized perturbative QCD. The logarithm of the form factor is expressed in terms of integrals over the scale of the running coupling. I show that these…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Lorenzo Magnea

In this letter, we generalize the recursion methods based on cut equations arXiv:2412.21027, originally developed for scalar theories, to gluons in pure Yang-Mills theory. In gauge theories, planar loop integrands are subtle to defined and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-21 Qu Cao , Fan Zhu

Graded rings provide a natural algebraic framework for encoding symmetry via decompositions into homogeneous components indexed by a group, together with multiplication rules reflecting the group operation. Among graded rings, strongly…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Joakim Arnlind , Stefan Wagner

We analyze transverse thrust in the framework of Soft Collinear Effective Theory and obtain a factorized expression for the cross section that permits resummation of terms enhanced in the dijet limit to arbitrary accuracy. The factorization…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-19 Thomas Becher , Xavier Garcia i Tormo

We present a novel framework for deriving on-shell recursion relations, with a specific focus on biadjoint and pure Yang-Mills theories. Starting from the double-cover CHY factorization formulae, we identify a suitable set of independent…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-03 Humberto Gomez

By changing to an orthogonal basis, we give a short proof that the subfactor of the graded algebra of a planar algebra reproduces the planar algebra.

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2008-07-28 Vaughan Jones , Dimitri Shlyakhtenko , Kevin Walker

In this paper, the result of applying iterative univariate resultant constructions to multivariate polynomials is analyzed. We consider the input polynomials as generic polynomials of a given degree and exhibit explicit decompositions into…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2008-10-29 Laurent Busé , Bernard Mourrain

We recast homogeneous linear recurrence sequences with fixed coefficients in terms of partial Bell polynomials, and use their properties to obtain various combinatorial identities and multifold convolution formulas. Our approach relies on a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-17 Daniel Birmajer , Juan B. Gil , Michael D. Weiner

Our purpose in this paper is to study when a planar differential system polynomial in one variable linearizes in the sense that it has an inverse integrating factor which can be constructed by means of the solutions of linear differential…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-10-29 Hector Giacomini , Jaume Gine , Maite Grau

An element $g$ of a group is called reversible if it is conjugate in the group to its inverse. An element is an involution if it is equal to its inverse. This paper is about factoring elements as products of reversibles in the group…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-11 Dmitri Zaitsev , Anthony G. O'Farrell

We focus on the algorithm underlying the main result of [A. Mestre, R. Oeckl, Generating loop graphs via Hopf algebra in quantum field theory. J. Math. Phys., 47, 122302, 2006]. This is an algebraic formula to generate all connected graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-14 Angela Mestre

Let $X$ be a partial flag variety, equipped with the Borel action by multiplication. We give a criterion for the equivariant derived category with modular coefficients to be formal.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-17 Jan Weidner

A recursive algebraic method which allows to obtain the Feynman or Schwinger parametric representation of a generic L-loops and (E+1) external lines diagram, in a scalar $\phi ^{3}\oplus \phi ^{4}$ theory, is presented. The representation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Ivan Gonzalez , Ivan Schmidt

Exploiting symmetry in Groebner basis computations is difficult when the symmetry takes the form of a group acting by automorphisms on monomials in finitely many variables. This is largely due to the fact that the group elements, being…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2017-10-10 Andries E. Brouwer , Jan Draisma

We propose a loop-level generalization of the inverse string theory Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) kernel: the planar inverse KLT integrand. The integrand is defined constructively via a novel Berends-Giele-like recursion that exposes the inverse…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-18 Christoph Bartsch , Karol Kampf , Jiří Novotný , Jaroslav Trnka

We give a recursion formula to generate all equivalence classes of biconnected graphs with coefficients given by the inverses of the orders of their groups of automorphisms. We give a linear map to produce a connected graph with say, u,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-14 Angela Mestre

We introduce a class of iterated integrals, defined through a set of linearly independent integration kernels on elliptic curves. As a direct generalisation of multiple polylogarithms, we construct our set of integration kernels ensuring…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-06-13 Johannes Broedel , Claude Duhr , Falko Dulat , Lorenzo Tancredi

In this letter, we focus on the application of the off-shell recursion method proposed in \cite{Tao:2025fch} in the Yang-Mills planar loop integrands, which starts with solving the classical equation of motion via the perturbiner method.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-23 Yi-Xiao Tao
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