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Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes can encode many logical qubits within a single code block at low physical qubit overhead, yet magic state injection into such codes remains largely underexplored. Existing state injection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Kun Liu , Shifan Xu , Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Zhiyang He , Shraddha Singh , Yongshan Ding

The surface code family is a promising approach to implementing fault-tolerant quantum computations. Universal fault-tolerance requires error-corrected non-Clifford operations, in addition to Clifford gates, and for the former, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Younghun Kim , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Magic states are a foundational resource for universal quantum computation. To survive in a realistic noisy environment, magic states must be prepared fault-tolerantly and protected by a quantum error-correcting code. The recent discovery…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Dominic J. Williamson

Realizing universal fault-tolerant quantum computation is a key goal in quantum information science. By encoding quantum information into logical qubits utilizing quantum error correcting codes, physical errors can be detected and…

Erasure qubits constitute a promising approach for tackling the daunting resources required for fault-tolerant quantum computing. By heralding erasure errors, both the error-correction threshold and the sub-threshold scaling of the logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Shoham Jacoby , Yotam Vaknin , Alex Retzker , Arne L. Grimsmo

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes can achieve high encoding rates and good code distance scaling, providing a promising route to low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, the long-range connectivity required to…

Magic state distillation is a crucial yet resource-intensive process in fault-tolerant quantum computation. The protocol's overhead, defined as the number of input magic states required per output magic state with an error rate below…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-22 Adam Wills , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Hayata Yamasaki

We propose a fault-tolerant quantum computation scheme that is broadly applicable to quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes. The scheme achieves constant qubit overhead and a time overhead of $O(d^{a+o(1)})$ for any $[[n,k,d]]$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Guo Zhang , Yuanye Zhu , Ying Li

We present an infinite family of protocols to distill magic states for $T$-gates that has a low space overhead and uses an asymptotic number of input magic states to achieve a given target error that is conjectured to be optimal. The space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings , D. Poulin , D. Wecker

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from…

Vast numbers of qubits will be needed for large-scale quantum computing due to the overheads associated with error correction. We present a scheme for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation based on quantum low-density parity-check…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Lawrence Z. Cohen , Isaac H. Kim , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

Scalable quantum computation requires not only quantum codes with low memory overhead but also encoded operations with low space-time overhead. High rate quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes address the former by achieving a high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Guo Zheng , Liang Jiang , Qian Xu

Encoding quantum information to protect it from errors is essential for performing large-scale quantum computations. Performing a universal set of quantum gates on encoded states demands a potentially large resource overhead and minimizing…

We present a fault-tolerant Bell-pair distillation scheme achieving constant overhead through high-rate quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes. Our approach maintains a constant distillation rate equal to the code rate while…

Magic state distillation (MSD) is an essential element for universal fault-tolerant quantum computing, which distills a high-fidelity magic state from noisy magic states using ideal (error-corrected) Clifford operations. For ideal Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Tomohiro Itogawa , Yugo Takada , Yutaka Hirano , Keisuke Fujii

Benchmarking the performance of quantum error correction codes in physical systems is crucial for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. Current methodologies, such as (shadow) tomography or direct fidelity estimation, fall short in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-17 Junjie Chen , Pei Zeng , Qi Zhao , Xiongfeng Ma , You Zhou

The overhead cost of performing universal fault-tolerant quantum computation for large scale quantum algorithms is very high. Despite several attempts at alternative schemes, magic state distillation remains one of the most efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-30 Christopher Chamberland , Kyungjoo Noh

Quantum error correction is necessary to perform large-scale quantum computation, but requires extremely large overheads in both space and time. High-rate quantum low-density-parity-check (qLDPC) codes promise a route to reduce qubit…

Magic states are fundamental building blocks on the road to fault-tolerant quantum computing. CSS codes play a crucial role in the construction of magic distillation protocols. Previous work has cast quantum computing with magic states for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Rhea Alexander , Si Gvirtz-Chen , Nikolaos Koukoulekidis , David Jennings

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes promise constant-rate, linear-distance families with bounded-weight checks, and recent work has realized transversal or constant-depth non-Clifford gates on various (often non-LDPC) codes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Mohammad Rowshan
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