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Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a powerful technique for decomposing language model representations into interpretable features. Current interpretation methods infer feature semantics from activation patterns, but overlook that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yiting Liu , Zhi-Hong Deng

Interpreting individual neurons in deep neural networks is a crucial step towards understanding their complex decision-making processes and ensuring AI safety. Despite recent progress in neuron labeling, existing methods often limit the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Vladimir Zaigrajew , Michał Piechota , Gaspar Sekula , Paweł Gelar , Przemysław Biecek

Deep neural networks achieve impressive performance but remain difficult to interpret and control. We present SALVE (Sparse Autoencoder-Latent Vector Editing), a unified "discover, validate, and control" framework that bridges mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Vegard Flovik

We present SAE-BrainMap, a novel framework that directly aligns deep learning visual model representations with voxel-level fMRI responses using sparse autoencoders (SAEs). First, we train layer-wise SAEs on model activations and compute…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-16 Ziming Mao , Jia Xu , Zeqi Zheng , Haofang Zheng , Dabing Sheng , Yaochu Jin , Guoyuan Yang

We propose the Neuro-Symbolic Concept Learner (NS-CL), a model that learns visual concepts, words, and semantic parsing of sentences without explicit supervision on any of them; instead, our model learns by simply looking at images and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Jiayuan Mao , Chuang Gan , Pushmeet Kohli , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Jiajun Wu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) lack the hierarchical inductive biases inherent to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), theoretically allowing them to maintain high-dimensional representations throughout all layers. However, recent observations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Kanishk Awadhiya

Artificial Neural Networks form the basis of very powerful learning methods. It has been observed that a naive application of fully connected neural networks to data with many irrelevant variables often leads to overfitting. In an attempt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Gitesh Dawer , Yangzi Guo , Sida Liu , Adrian Barbu

Broadly intelligent agents should form task-specific abstractions that selectively expose the essential elements of a task, while abstracting away the complexity of the raw sensorimotor space. In this work, we present Neuro-Symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yichao Liang , Nishanth Kumar , Hao Tang , Adrian Weller , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Tom Silver , João F. Henriques , Kevin Ellis

People grasp flexible visual concepts from a few examples. We explore a neurosymbolic system that learns how to infer programs that capture visual concepts in a domain-general fashion. We introduce Template Programs: programmatic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 R. Kenny Jones , Siddhartha Chaudhuri , Daniel Ritchie

Sparse Autoencoder (SAE) has emerged as a powerful tool for mechanistic interpretability of large language models. Recent works apply SAE to protein language models (PLMs), aiming to extract and analyze biologically meaningful features from…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-21 Xiangyu Liu , Haodi Lei , Yi Liu , Yang Liu , Wei Hu

To date, most discoveries of network subcomponents that implement human-interpretable computations in deep vision models have involved close study of single units and large amounts of human labor. We explore scalable methods for extracting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Achyuta Rajaram , Neil Chowdhury , Antonio Torralba , Jacob Andreas , Sarah Schwettmann

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) decompose language model activations into interpretable features, but existing methods reveal only which features activate, not which change model outputs when amplified. We introduce Control Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Seonglae Cho , Zekun Wu , Adriano Koshiyama

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) for Vision Transformers (ViTs) has recently demonstrated considerable potential as a pre-training strategy for a variety of computer vision tasks, including image classification and segmentation, both in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yannis Kaltampanidis , Alexandros Doumanoglou , Dimitrios Zarpalas

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) aims to localize the image region corresponding to a natural language query. Recent neuro-symbolic REC approaches leverage large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) to perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Hyejin Park , Junhyuk Kwon , Suha Kwak , Jungseul Ok

Recently, sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a promising technique for interpreting activations in foundation models by disentangling features into a sparse set of concepts. However, identifying the optimal level of sparsity for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Dongsheng Wang , Jinsen Zhang , Dawei Su , Hui Huang

Linear concept vectors effectively steer LLMs, but existing methods suffer from noisy features in diverse datasets that undermine steering robustness. We propose Sparse Autoencoder-Denoised Concept Vectors (SDCV), which selectively keep the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Haiyan Zhao , Xuansheng Wu , Fan Yang , Bo Shen , Ninghao Liu , Mengnan Du

While Vision Transformers (ViT) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks, their computational demands are substantial, scaling quadratically with the number of processed tokens. Compact attention representations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Oded Schlesinger , Amirhossein Farzam , J. Matias Di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro

Our goal is to $\textit{efficiently}$ discover a compact set of temporal logic rules to explain irregular events of interest. We introduce a neural-symbolic rule induction framework within the temporal point process model. The negative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yang Yang , Chao Yang , Boyang Li , Yinghao Fu , Shuang Li

Adapting foundation models for specific purposes has become a standard approach to build machine learning systems for downstream applications. Yet, it is an open question which mechanisms take place during adaptation. Here we develop a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Hyesu Lim , Jinho Choi , Jaegul Choo , Steffen Schneider

One of the potential solutions for model interpretation is to train a surrogate model: a more transparent model that approximates the behavior of the model to be explained. Typically, classification rules or decision trees are used due to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Jun Yuan , Brian Barr , Kyle Overton , Enrico Bertini