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Photon loss is the biggest enemy in quantum communications. Direct transmission typically results in a small fraction of photons surviving over long distances, hindering advanced applications such as loophole-free Bell tests and…

The quantum internet -- in synergy with the internet that we use today -- promises an enabling platform for next-generation information processing, including exponentially speed-up distributed computation, secure communication, and…

Quantum repeater networks play a crucial role in distributing entanglement. Various link architectures have been proposed to facilitate the creation of Bell pairs between distant nodes, with entangled photon sources emerging as a primary…

Quantum repeaters, which are indispensable for long-distance quantum communication, are necessary for extending the entanglement from short distance to long distance; however, high-rate entanglement distribution, even between adjacent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-26 Daisuke Yoshida , Kazuya Niizeki , Shuhei Tamura , Tomoyuki Horikiri

Despite being an integral part of the vision of quantum Internet, Earth-to-satellite (uplink) quantum communications have been considered more challenging than their satellite-to-Earth (downlink) counterparts due to the severe channel-loss…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Ziqing Wang , Timothy C. Ralph , Ryan Aguinaldo , Robert Malaney

We investigate the influence of memory errors in the quantum repeater scheme for long-range quantum communication. We show that the communication distance is limited in standard operation mode due to memory errors resulting from unavoidable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Hartmann , B. Kraus , H. -J. Briegel , W. Dür

Scalable quantum networks require quantum repeaters to overcome major challenges such as photon loss and decoherence in long-distance quantum communication. In this paper, we present a cavity-magnon quantum repeater architecture that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Mughees Ahmed Khan , Syed Shahmir , Muhammad Talha Rahim , Saif Al-Kuwari , Tasawar Abbas

Single photons are the flying qubits of choice for distributing entanglement in a quantum internet. Quantum memories embedded in quantum repeaters are crucial to overcome transmission loss and enhance the rate of quantum communication. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 H. -X Luo , C. Li , J. -L. Ren , Y. Yuan , Y. -L. Wen , J. -F. Li , Y. -F. Wang , S. -C. Zhang , H. Yan , S. -L. Zhu

Entanglement is the key resource for many long-range quantum information tasks, including secure communication and fundamental tests of quantum physics. These tasks require robust verification of shared entanglement, but performing it over…

Long-distance entanglement is pivotal for quantum communication, distributed quantum computing and sensing. Significant progresses have been made in extending the distribution distance of entangled photons, either in free space or fiber.…

A quantum repeater node is presented based on trapped ions that act as single photon emitters, quantum memories and an elementary quantum processor. The node's ability to establish entanglement across two 25 km-long optical fibers…

A quantum communication system is proposed that uses polarization-entangled photons and trapped-atom quantum memories. This system is capable of long-distance, high-fidelity teleportation, and long-duration quantum storage.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jeffrey H. Shapiro

The establishment of a world-wide quantum communication network relies on the synergistic integration of satellite-based links and fiber-based networks. The first are helpful for long-distance communication, as the photon losses introduced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-04 Carlo Liorni , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Entanglement is the fundamental characteristic of quantum physics. Large experimental efforts are devoted to harness entanglement between various physical systems. In particular, entanglement between light and material systems is…

All-photonic quantum repeaters are essential for establishing long-range quantum entanglement. Within repeater nodes, reliably performing entanglement swapping is a key component of scalable quantum communication. To tackle the challenge of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-14 Bikun Li , Kenneth Goodenough , Filip Rozpędek , Liang Jiang

Entangled coherent states can be prepared remotely by subtracting non-locally a single photon from two quantum superpositions of coherent states, the so-called "Schroedinger's cat" state. Such entanglement can further be distributed over…

The long-range transmission of quantum information relies on multiple interfaces between photons, acting as flying qubits, and localized memories, serving as repeaters, to mitigate transmission losses. Efficient, long-range transmission…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Tim F. Weiss , Alberto Peruzzo

We study the use of entanglement purification for quantum communication over long distances. For distances much longer than the coherence length of a corresponding noisy quantum channel, the fidelity of transmission is usually so low that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 W. Dür , H. - J. Briegel , J. I. Cirac , P. Zoller

Long-distance quantum communication requires quantum repeaters to overcome photon loss in optical fibers. Here we demonstrate a repeater node with two memory atoms in an optical cavity. Both atoms are individually and repeatedly entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-30 S. Langenfeld , P. Thomas , O. Morin , G. Rempe

One of the main problems in quantum communications is how to achieve high rates at long distances. Quantum repeaters, i.e., untrusted, intermediate relay stations, are necessary to overcome the repeaterless bound which sets the fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-11 Matthew S. Winnel , Joshua J. Guanzon , Nedasadat Hosseinidehaj , Timothy C. Ralph