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Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) expands the capabilities of modern large language models (LLMs), by anchoring, adapting, and personalizing their responses to the most relevant knowledge sources. It is particularly useful in chatbot…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a core technology for tasks such as question-answering (QA) and content generation. RAG poisoning is an attack method to induce LLMs to generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Meng Xi , Sihan Lv , Yechen Jin , Guanjie Cheng , Naibo Wang , Ying Li , Jianwei Yin

With the development of natural language processing (NLP), large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly popular. LLMs are integrating more into everyday life, raising public concerns about their security vulnerabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Ziqiu Wang , Jun Liu , Shengkai Zhang , Yang Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge, but its openness introduces vulnerabilities that can be exploited by poisoning attacks. Existing poisoning methods for RAG…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chunyang Li , Junwei Zhang , Anda Cheng , Zhuo Ma , Xinghua Li , Jianfeng Ma

The indexing-retrieval-generation paradigm of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been highly successful in solving knowledge-intensive tasks by integrating external knowledge into large language models (LLMs). However, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Xun Liang , Simin Niu , Zhiyu Li , Sensen Zhang , Hanyu Wang , Feiyu Xiong , Jason Zhaoxin Fan , Bo Tang , Shichao Song , Mengwei Wang , Jiawei Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enriches the input to LLMs by retrieving information from the relevant knowledge database, enabling them to produce responses that are more accurate and contextually appropriate. It is worth noting that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Xue Tan , Hao Luan , Mingyu Luo , Xiaoyan Sun , Ping Chen , Jun Dai

Multimodal retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances the visual reasoning capability of vision-language models (VLMs) by dynamically accessing information from external knowledge bases. In this work, we introduce \textit{Poisoned-MRAG},…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Yinuo Liu , Zenghui Yuan , Guiyao Tie , Jiawen Shi , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user queries. These systems, however, remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Huichi Zhou , Kin-Hei Lee , Zhonghao Zhan , Yue Chen , Zhenhao Li , Zhaoyang Wang , Hamed Haddadi , Emine Yilmaz

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a widely adopted paradigm for enhancing LLMs in medical applications by incorporating expert multimodal knowledge during generation. However, the underlying retrieval databases may naturally contain,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Peiru Yang , Haoran Zheng , Tong Ju , Shiting Wang , Wanchun Ni , Jiajun Liu , Shangguang Wang , Yongfeng Huang , Tao Qi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant documents from external corpora before generating responses. This approach significantly expands LLM capabilities by leveraging vast,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Haowei Wang , Rupeng Zhang , Junjie Wang , Mingyang Li , Yuekai Huang , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

Despite significant advancements, large language models (LLMs) still struggle with providing accurate answers when lacking domain-specific or up-to-date knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this limitation by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yuefeng Peng , Junda Wang , Hong Yu , Amir Houmansadr

Retrieval-Augmented Generative (RAG) models enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge bases, improving their performance in applications like fact-checking and information searching. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Zhen Tan , Chengshuai Zhao , Raha Moraffah , Yifan Li , Song Wang , Jundong Li , Tianlong Chen , Huan Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance response credibility and traceability by displaying reference contexts, but this transparency simultaneously introduces a novel black-box attack vector. Existing document poisoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Runqi Sui

Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping numerous facets of our daily lives, leading widespread adoption as web-based services. Despite their versatility, LLMs face notable challenges, such as generating hallucinated content and lacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Minseok Kim , Hankook Lee , Hyungjoon Koo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems offer a powerful approach to enhancing large language model (LLM) outputs by incorporating fact-checked, contextually relevant information. However, fairness and reliability concerns persist, as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Xuyang Zhu , Sejoon Chang , Andrew Kuik

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly deployed in real-world applications, where its reference-grounded design makes outputs appear trustworthy. This trust has spurred research on poisoning attacks that craft malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Haoyang Hu , Zhejun Jiang , Yueming Lyu , Junyuan Zhang , Yi Liu , Ka-Ho Chow

In Large Language Models, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems can significantly enhance the performance of large language models by integrating external knowledge. However, RAG also introduces new security risks. Existing research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Linlin Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Laiqiao Qin , Longxiang Gao , Wanlei Zhou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a standard approach for improving the reliability of large language models (LLMs). Prior work demonstrates the vulnerability of RAG systems by misleading them into generating attacker-chosen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Yanbo Dai , Zhenlan Ji , Zongjie Li , Kuan Li , Shuai Wang

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced natural language processing, but these models often generate factually incorrect information, known as "hallucination". Initial retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yujia Zhou , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou

Knowing that the generative capabilities of large language models (LLM) are sometimes hampered by tendencies to hallucinate or create non-factual responses, researchers have increasingly focused on methods to ground generated outputs in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Sonal Prabhune , Donald J. Berndt