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Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are gaining popularity as a method for solving differential equations. While being more feasible in some contexts than the classical numerical techniques, PINNs still lack credibility. A remedy for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Olga Graf , Pablo Flores , Pavlos Protopapas , Karim Pichara

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an influential method of solving differential equations and estimating their parameters given data. However, since they make use of neural networks, they provide only a point estimate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Lena Podina , Mahdi Torabi Rad , Mohammad Kohandel

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as an alternative way of solving partial differential equations (PDEs) without the need of building elaborate grids, instead, using a straightforward implementation. In…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Dongkun Zhang , Lu Lu , Ling Guo , George Em Karniadakis

The integration of physics-based knowledge with machine learning models is increasingly shaping the monitoring, diagnostics, and prognostics of electrical transformers. In this two-part series, the first paper introduced the foundations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jose I. Aizpurua

We provide an approach enabling one to employ physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for uncertainty quantification. Our approach is applicable to systems where observations are scarce (or even lacking), these being typical situations…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-08-12 Milad Panahi , Giovanni Michele Porta , Monica Riva , Alberto Guadagnini

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising approach to solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using neural networks, particularly in data-scarce scenarios, due to their unsupervised training capability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Edgar Torres , Jonathan Schiefer , Mathias Niepert

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) in scientific machine learning is increasingly critical as neural networks are widely adopted to tackle complex problems across diverse scientific disciplines. For physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-20 Frank Shih , Zhenghao Jiang , Faming Liang

A significant advancement in Neural Network (NN) research is the integration of domain-specific knowledge through custom loss functions. This approach addresses a crucial challenge: how can models utilize physics or mathematical principles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Seyedeh Azadeh Fallah Mortezanejad , Ruochen Wang , Ali Mohammad-Djafari

Mathematical models in neural networks are powerful tools for solving complex differential equations and optimizing their parameters; that is, solving the forward and inverse problems, respectively. A forward problem predicts the output of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Aarush Gupta , Kendric Hsu , Syna Mathod

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a novel computational approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with noisy and sparse initial and boundary data. Although, efficient quantification of epistemic and aleatoric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Júlia Vicens Figueres , Juliette Vanderhaeghen , Federica Bragone , Kateryna Morozovska , Khemraj Shukla

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have demonstrated promise as a framework for solving forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations. Despite recent progress in the field, it remains challenging to quantify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Bruno Jacob , Ashish S. Nair , Amanda A. Howard , Jan Drgona , Panos Stinis

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are machine learning tools that approximate the solution of general partial differential equations (PDEs) by adding them in some form as terms of the loss/cost function of a Neural Network. Most…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Antonio Tadeu Azevedo Gomes , Larissa Miguez da Silva , Frederic Valentin

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been widely used for robust and accurate approximation of PDEs. We provide rigorous upper bounds on the generalization error of PINNs approximating solutions of the forward problem for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Siddhartha Mishra , Roberto Molinaro

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a versatile tool in the burgeoning field of scientific machine learning for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, determining suitable training strategies for them is not…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Saad Qadeer , Panos Stinis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are one popular approach to incorporate a priori knowledge about physical systems into the learning framework. PINNs are known to be robust for smaller training sets, derive better generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Birgit Hillebrecht , Benjamin Unger

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) constitute a flexible deep learning approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), which model phenomena ranging from heat conduction to quantum mechanical systems. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aleksander Krasowski , René P. Klausen , Aycan Celik , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Wojciech Samek , Jonas Naujoks

Although physics-informed neural networks(PINNs) have progressed a lot in many real applications recently, there remains problems to be further studied, such as achieving more accurate results, taking less training time, and quantifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Bin Shan , Ye Li , Shengjun Huang

The integration of Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) techniques with uncertainty quantification (UQ) represents a rapidly evolving frontier in computational science. This work advances Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-30 Georgios Arampatzis , Stylianos Katsarakis , Charalambos Makridakis

How to solve inverse problems is the challenge of many engineering and industrial applications. Recently, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful approach to solve inverse problems efficiently. However, it is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-22 Xinchao Jiang , Xin Wanga , Ziming Wena , Enying Li , Hu Wang

Partial differential equations (PDEs) serve as the cornerstone of mathematical physics. In recent years, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have significantly reduced the dependence on large datasets by embedding physical laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Wenxuan Huo , Qiang He , Gang Zhu , Weifeng Huang
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