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We propose a new framework of topological complexity to study the computational complexity of quantum circuits and tensor networks. Within this framework, we establish the Quon Classical Simulation (QCS) for hybrid Clifford-Matchgate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Zixuan Feng , Zhengwei Liu , Fan Lu , Ningfeng Wang

Quantum circuits consisting of Clifford and matchgates are two classes of circuits that are known to be efficiently simulatable on a classical computer. We introduce a unified framework that shows in a transparent way the special structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Igor Ermakov , Oleg Lychkovskiy , Tim Byrnes

Let G(A,B) denote the 2-qubit gate which acts as the 1-qubit SU(2) gates A and B in the even and odd parity subspaces respectively, of two qubits. Using a Clifford algebra formalism we show that arbitrary uniform families of circuits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-19 Richard Jozsa , Akimasa Miyake

We describe a simple formalism for generating classes of quantum circuits that are classically efficiently simulatable and show that the efficient simulation of Clifford circuits (Gottesman-Knill theorem) and of matchgate circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-25 Richard Jozsa

Matchgate unitaries are ubiquitous in quantum computation due to their relation to non-interacting fermions and because they can be used to benchmark quantum computers. Implementing such unitaries on fault-tolerant devices requires first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Berta Casas , Paolo Braccia , Élie Gouzien , M. Cerezo , Diego García-Martín

The Clifford hierarchy, introduced by Gottesman and Chuang in 1999, is an increasing sequence of sets of quantum gates crucial to the gate teleportation model for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Gates in the hierarchy can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-04 Angelos Bampounis , Rui Soares Barbosa , Nadish de Silva

Clifford algebras are used for definition of spinors. Because of using spin-1/2 systems as an adequate model of quantum bit, a relation of the algebras with quantum information science has physical reasons. But there are simple mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander Yu. Vlasov

The theory of matchgates is of interest in various areas in physics and computer science. Matchgates occur in e.g. the study of fermions and spin chains, in the theory of holographic algorithms and in several recent works in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 M. Van den Nest

We introduce group surface codes, which are a natural generalization of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ surface code, and equivalent to quantum double models of finite groups with specific boundary conditions. We show that group surface codes can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Naren Manjunath , Vieri Mattei , Apoorv Tiwari , Tyler D. Ellison

Quantum neural networks combine quantum computing with advanced data-driven methods, offering promising applications in quantum machine learning. However, the optimal paradigm for balancing trainability and expressivity in QNNs remains an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Hongshun Yao , Xia Liu , Mingrui Jing , Guangxi Li , Xin Wang

We present a 3D, topological picture-language for quantum information. Our approach combines charged excitations carried by strings, with topological properties that arise from embedding the strings in the interior of a three-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-19 Zhengwei Liu , Alex Wozniakowski , Arthur Jaffe

Quantum information science strives to leverage the quantum-mechanical nature of our universe in order to achieve large improvements in certain information processing tasks. In deep-space optical communications, current receivers for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Narayanan Rengaswamy

We study the classical simulation complexity in both the weak and strong senses, of matchgate (MG) computations supplemented with all combinations of settings involving inclusion of intermediate adaptive or nonadaptive computational basis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Martin Hebenstreit , Richard Jozsa , Barbara Kraus , Sergii Strelchuk

A universal quantum computing scheme, with a universal set of logical gates, is proposed based on networks of 1D quantum systems. The encoding of information is in terms of universal features of gapped phases, for which effective field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Dong-Sheng Wang

Quon language is a 3D picture language that we can apply to simulate mathematical concepts. We introduce the surface algebras as an extension of the notion of planar algebras to higher genus surface. We prove that there is a unique…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2017-07-14 Zhengwei Liu

Matchgates are an especially multiflorous class of two-qubit nearest neighbour quantum gates, defined by a set of algebraic constraints. They occur for example in the theory of perfect matchings of graphs, non-interacting fermions, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-30 Richard Jozsa , Barbara Kraus , Akimasa Miyake , John Watrous

Tensor network methods leverage the limited entanglement of quantum states to efficiently simulate many-body systems. Alternatively, Clifford circuits provide a framework for handling highly entangled stabilizer states, which have low magic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Sergi Masot-Llima , Piotr Sierant , Paolo Stornati , Artur Garcia-Saez

We examine the following problem: given a collection of Clifford gates, describe the set of unitaries generated by circuits composed of those gates. Specifically, we allow the standard circuit operations of composition and tensor product,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Daniel Grier , Luke Schaeffer

Machine learning is a promising application of quantum computing, but challenges remain as near-term devices will have a limited number of physical qubits and high error rates. Motivated by the usefulness of tensor networks for machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 William Huggins , Piyush Patel , K. Birgitta Whaley , E. Miles Stoudenmire

The vast and complicated large-qubit state space forbids us to comprehensively capture the dynamics of modern quantum computers via classical simulations or quantum tomography. Recent progress in quantum learning theory prompts a crucial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Yuxuan Du , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Dacheng Tao
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