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The likelihood ratio statistic, with its asymptotic $\chi^2$ distribution at regular model points, is often used for hypothesis testing. At model singularities and boundaries, however, the asymptotic distribution may not be $\chi^2$, as…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-25 Jonathan D. Mitchell , Elizabeth S. Allman , John A. Rhodes

Pearson's Chi-squared test, though widely used for detecting association between categorical variables, exhibits low statistical power in large sparse contingency tables. To address this limitation, two novel permutation tests have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-27 Qingyang Zhang

The 'standard' confidence interval for a Poisson parameter is only one of a number of estimation intervals based on the chi-square distribution that may be used in the estimation of the mean or mean rate for a Poisson model. Other…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-02-07 E. A. Maxwell

Logistic regression is used thousands of times a day to fit data, predict future outcomes, and assess the statistical significance of explanatory variables. When used for the purpose of statistical inference, logistic models produce…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-06 Pragya Sur , Yuxin Chen , Emmanuel J. Candès

The score test statistic using the observed information is easy to compute numerically. Its large sample distribution under the null hypothesis is well known and is equivalent to that of the score test based on the expected information, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-10 N. Karavarsamis , G. Guillera-Arroita , RM Huggins , B J T Morgan

We present the $U$-Statistic Permutation (USP) test of independence in the context of discrete data displayed in a contingency table. Either Pearson's chi-squared test of independence, or the $G$-test, are typically used for this task, but…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-19 Thomas B. Berrett , Richard J. Samworth

Many scientific applications involve testing theories that are only partially specified. This task often amounts to testing the goodness-of-fit of a candidate distribution while allowing for reasonable deviations from it. The tolerant…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Lucas Kania , Tudor Manole , Larry Wasserman , Sivaraman Balakrishnan

Conditional independence (CI) testing arises naturally in many scientific problems and applications domains. The goal of this problem is to investigate the conditional independence between a response variable $Y$ and another variable $X$,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Adel Javanmard , Mohammad Mehrabi

In this work, we show that Spearman's correlation coefficient test about $H_0:\rho_s=0$ found in most statistical software packages is theoretically incorrect and performs poorly when bivariate normality assumptions are not met or the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-05 Han Yu , Alan D. Hutson

Testing the equality of two proportions is a common procedure in science, especially in medicine and public health. In these domains it is crucial to be able to quantify evidence for the absence of a treatment effect. Bayesian hypothesis…

For random samples of size n obtained from p-variate normal distributions, we consider the classical likelihood ratio tests (LRT) for their means and covariance matrices in the high-dimensional setting. These test statistics have been…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-06-04 Tiefeng Jiang , Fan Yang

This paper introduces a new method for testing the statistical significance of estimated parameters in predictive regressions. The approach features a new family of test statistics that are robust to the degree of persistence of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-02-04 Jean-Yves Pitarakis

This short note considers the problem of testing the null hypothesis that the mean values of two multivariate normal variables are proportional. We show that the usual likelihood ratio $\chi^2$-test is valid non-asymptotically. Our proof…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-10 Etaash Katiyar , Qingyuan Zhao

This study proposes a simple, trustworthy Chow test in the presence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. The test is based on a series heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation robust variance estimator with judiciously crafted basis…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-11-12 Yixiao Sun , Xuexin Wang

The problem of fitting an event distribution when the total expected number of events is not fixed, keeps appearing in experimental studies. In a chi-square fit, if overall normalization is one of the parameters parameters to be fit, the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-07-01 Byron Roe

We describe an approximation to the widely-used Poisson-likelihood chi-square using a linear combination of Neyman's and Pearson's chi-squares, namely "combined Neyman-Pearson chi-square" ($\chi^2_{\mathrm{CNP}}$). Through analytical…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-02-26 Xiangpan Ji , Wenqiang Gu , Xin Qian , Hanyu Wei , Chao Zhang

Weighted histograms in Monte Carlo simulations are often used for the estimation of probability density functions. They are obtained as a result of random experiments with random events that have weights. In this paper, the bin contents of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-03-02 N. D. Gagunashvili

A new large deviation results for the Pearson chi-square and Log-likelihood ratio statistics are obtained. Here attention is focused on the case when the number of groups increases to infinity and the probabilities of groups decreases to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-02 Sherzod Mirakhmedov

We propose a novel finite-sample procedure for testing composite null hypotheses. Traditional likelihood ratio tests based on asymptotic $\chi^2$ approximations often exhibit substantial bias in small samples. Our procedure rejects the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-07 Joonha Park , Ming Wang

In this paper we propose and examine gap statistics for assessing uniform distribution hypotheses. We provide examples relevant to data integrity testing for which max-gap statistics provide greater sensitivity than chi-square ($\chi^2$),…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-05 Truc Le , Jeffrey Uhlmann