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High-performance GPU kernels are critical to modern machine learning systems, yet developing efficient implementations remains a challenging, expert-driven process due to the tight coupling between algorithmic structure, memory hierarchy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Tara Saba , Anne Ouyang , Xujie Si , Fan Long

Optimizing Large Language Model (LLM) inference in production systems is increasingly difficult due to dynamic workloads, stringent latency/throughput targets, and a rapidly expanding configuration space. This complexity spans not only…

Tensor processing infrastructures such as deep learning frameworks and specialized hardware accelerators have revolutionized how computationally intensive code from domains such as deep learning and image processing is executed and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jie Qiu , Colin Cai , Sahil Bhatia , Niranjan Hasabnis , Sanjit A. Seshia , Alvin Cheung

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive zero/few-shot inference and generation quality for high-resource languages (HRLs). A few of them have been trained on low-resource languages (LRLs) and give decent performance. Owing to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Arijit Nag , Animesh Mukherjee , Niloy Ganguly , Soumen Chakrabarti

Token reduction accelerates Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) by reducing excessive tokens, but overlooks structural redundancy differences, where critical and redundant modules process identical token loads. For fine-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Aoming Liu , Reuben Tan , Boqing Gong , Bryan A. Plummer

Accurate hardware performance models are critical to efficient code generation. They can be used by compilers to make heuristic decisions, by superoptimizers as a minimization objective, or by autotuners to find an optimal configuration for…

Recent studies from several hyperscalars pinpoint to embedding layers as the most memory-intensive deep learning (DL) algorithm being deployed in today's datacenters. This paper addresses the memory capacity and bandwidth challenges of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Youngeun Kwon , Yunjae Lee , Minsoo Rhu

Large language models (LLMs) trained via reinforcement learning with verifiable reward (RLVR) have achieved breakthroughs on tasks with explicit, automatable verification, such as software programming and mathematical problems. Extending…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance and vast potential across diverse tasks. However, the deployment of LLMs with high performance in low-resource environments has garnered significant attention in the industry.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Pujiang He , Shan Zhou , Wenhuan Huang , Changqing Li , Duyi Wang , Bin Guo , Chen Meng , Sheng Gui , Weifei Yu , Yi Xie

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance across various tasks. However, the latency of inference and the large GPU memory consumption of LLMs restrict their deployment performance. Recently, there have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Yi Zhang , Fei Yang , Shuang Peng , Fangyu Wang , Aimin Pan

Serving large generative models such as LLMs and multi- modal transformers requires balancing user-facing SLOs (e.g., time-to-first-token, time-between-tokens) with provider goals of efficiency and cost reduction. Existing solutions rely on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xingqi Cui , Chieh-Jan Mike Liang , Jiarong Xing , Haoran Qiu

Recent advances in code generation have illuminated the potential of employing large language models (LLMs) for general-purpose programming languages such as Python and C++, opening new opportunities for automating software development and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jiahao Gai , Hao Mark Chen , Zhican Wang , Hongyu Zhou , Wanru Zhao , Nicholas Lane , Hongxiang Fan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for complex tasks that require multiple generation calls, advanced prompting techniques, control flow, and structured inputs/outputs. However, efficient systems are lacking for programming…

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge platforms is challenged by their high computational and memory demands. Although recent low-bit quantization methods (e.g., BitNet, DeepSeek) compress weights to as little as 1.58 bits with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ye Qiao , Zhiheng Chen , Yifan Zhang , Yian Wang , Sitao Huang

Tensor networks are efficient for extremely high-dimensional representation, but their model selection, known as tensor network structure search (TN-SS), is a challenging problem. Although several works have targeted TN-SS, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Junhua Zeng , Chao Li , Zhun Sun , Qibin Zhao , Guoxu Zhou

Large language models have high compute, latency, and memory requirements. While specialized accelerators such as GPUs and TPUs typically run these workloads, CPUs are more widely available and consume less energy. Accelerating LLMs with…

Large Language Model (LLM) inference becomes resource-intensive, prompting a shift toward low-bit model weights to reduce the memory footprint and improve efficiency. Such low-bit LLMs necessitate the mixed-precision matrix multiplication…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Zhiwen Mo , Lei Wang , Jianyu Wei , Zhichen Zeng , Shijie Cao , Lingxiao Ma , Naifeng Jing , Ting Cao , Jilong Xue , Fan Yang , Mao Yang

Multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs) are ubiquitous in real-world applications, presenting a complex challenge of balancing multiple conflicting objectives. Traditional evolutionary algorithms (EAs), though effective, often rely on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yuxiao Huang , Shenghao Wu , Wenjie Zhang , Jibin Wu , Liang Feng , Kay Chen Tan

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance across various tasks by adhering to scaling laws, which significantly increase model size. However, the huge computation overhead during inference hinders the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zekai Li , Jintu Zheng , Ji Liu , Han Liu , Haowei Zhu , Zeping Li , Fuwei Yang , Haiduo Huang , Jinzhang Peng , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked significant interest in their generative capabilities, leading to the development of various commercial applications. The high cost of using the models drives application builders to maximize the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Chi Wang , Susan Xueqing Liu , Ahmed H. Awadallah