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Related papers: From Fermions to Qubits: A ZX-Calculus Perspective

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We perform an extended numerical search for practical fermion-to-qubit encodings with error correcting properties. Ideally, encodings should strike a balance between a number of the seemingly incompatible attributes, such as having a high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Fedor Simkovic , Martin Leib , Francisco Revson F. Pereira

Simulation of fermionic systems is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. It spans problems in quantum chemistry, high-energy physics and condensed matter. Underpinning the core steps of any quantum simulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Mitchell Chiew , Cameron Ibrahim , Ilya Safro , Sergii Strelchuk

Simulation of interacting fermionic Hamiltonians is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. However, the feasibility of analysing fermionic systems with a quantum computer hinges on the efficiency of fermion-to-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Jeffery Yu , Yuan Liu , Sho Sugiura , Troy Van Voorhis , Sina Zeytinoğlu

Simulating the dynamical properties of large-scale many-fermion systems is a longstanding goal of quantum chemistry, material science and condensed matter. Local fermion-to-qubit encodings have opened a new path for practical fermionic…

We argue that all locality-preserving mappings between fermionic observables and Pauli matrices on a two-dimensional lattice can be generated from the exact bosonization in Ref. [1], whose gauge constraints project onto the subspace of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-17 Yu-An Chen , Yijia Xu

We introduce the Scalable ZX-calculus (SZX-calculus for short), a formal and compact graphical language for the design and verification of quantum computations. The SZX-calculus is an extension of the ZX-calculus, a powerful framework that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-31 Titouan Carette , Dominic Horsman , Simon Perdrix

Simulating the properties of many-body fermionic systems is an outstanding computational challenge relevant to material science, quantum chemistry, and particle physics. Although qubit-based quantum computers can potentially tackle this…

In recent work [arXiv:2003.06939v2] a novel fermion to qubit mapping -- called the compact encoding -- was introduced which outperforms all previous local mappings in both the qubit to mode ratio, and the locality of mapped operators. There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-27 Charles Derby , Joel Klassen

Simulating fermionic lattice models with qubits requires mapping fermionic degrees of freedom to qubits. The simplest method for this task, the Jordan-Wigner transformation, yields strings of Pauli operators acting on an extensive number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Vojtěch Havlíček , Matthias Troyer , James D. Whitfield

A compelling application of quantum computers with thousands of qubits is quantum simulation. Simulating fermionic systems is both a problem with clear real-world applications and a computationally challenging task. In order to simulate a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Emiliia Dyrenkova , Raymond Laflamme , Michael Vasmer

We discuss encodings of fermionic many-body systems by qubits in the presence of symmetries. Such encodings eliminate redundant degrees of freedom in a way that preserves a simple structure of the system Hamiltonian enabling quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-31 Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta , Antonio Mezzacapo , Kristan Temme

Graphical calculi are vital tools for representing and reasoning about quantum circuits and processes. Some are not only graphically intuitive but also logically complete. The best known of these is the ZX-calculus, which is an industry…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-24 Hector Miller-Bakewell

ZX-calculus is graphical language for quantum computing which usually focuses on qubits. In this paper, we generalise qubit ZX-calculus to qudit ZX-calculus in any finite dimension by introducing suitable generators, especially a carefully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 Quanlong Wang

The mapping of fermionic states onto qubit states, as well as the mapping of fermionic Hamiltonian into quantum gates enables us to simulate electronic systems with a quantum computer. Benefiting the understanding of many-body systems in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-12 Mark Steudtner , Stephanie Wehner

Qubits are neither fermions nor bosons. A Fock space description of qubits leads to a mapping from qubits to parafermions: particles with a hybrid boson-fermion quantum statistics. We study this mapping in detail, and use it to provide a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 L. -A. Wu , D. A. Lidar

The ZX calculus and ZH calculus use diagrams to denote and compute properties of quantum operations, using `rewrite rules' to transform between diagrams which denote the same operator through a functorial semantic map. Different semantic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-26 Niel de Beaudrap , Richard D. P. East

Quantum information theory and strongly correlated electron systems share a common theme of macroscopic quantum entanglement. In both topological error correction codes and theories of quantum materials (spin liquid, heavy fermion and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-10-11 Elio J. König , Piers Coleman , Alexei M. Tsvelik

Efficient encoding of electronic operators into qubits is essential for quantum chemistry simulations. The majority of methods map single electron states to qubits, effectively handling electron interactions. Alternatively, pairs of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Francisco Javier Del Arco Santos , Jakob S. Kottmann

Simulating the dynamics of electrons and other fermionic particles in quantum chemistry, materials science, and high-energy physics is one of the most promising applications of fault-tolerant quantum computers. However, the overhead in…

A fermionic operator circuit is a product of fermionic operators of usually different and partially overlapping support. Further elements of fermionic operator circuits (FOCs) are partial traces and partial projections. The presented…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2010-01-14 Thomas Barthel , Carlos Pineda , Jens Eisert