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Medical Question Answering~(medical QA) systems play an essential role in assisting healthcare workers in finding answers to their questions. However, it is not sufficient to merely provide answers by medical QA systems because users might…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Wei Sun , Mingxiao Li , Damien Sileo , Jesse Davis , Marie-Francine Moens

Recent proprietary large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, have achieved a milestone in tackling diverse challenges in the biomedical domain, ranging from multiple-choice questions to long-form generations. To address challenges that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Minbyul Jeong , Jiwoong Sohn , Mujeen Sung , Jaewoo Kang

It has been suggested that bibliometric analysis of different document types may reveal new aspects of research performance. In medical research a number of study types play different roles in the research process and it has been shown,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2013-01-25 Jens Peter Andersen

Keeping track of the ever-increasing body of scientific literature is an escalating challenge. We present PubTree a hierarchical search tool that efficiently searches the PubMed/MEDLINE dataset based upon a decision tree constructed using…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-02-28 William Rowe , Paul D. Dobson , Bede Constantinides , Mark Platt

We consider the problem of automatically generating a narrative biomedical evidence summary from multiple trial reports. We evaluate modern neural models for abstractive summarization of relevant article abstracts from systematic reviews…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Byron C. Wallace , Sayantan Saha , Frank Soboczenski , Iain J. Marshall

Scientific Literature charts often contain complex visual elements, including multi-plot figures, flowcharts, structural diagrams and etc. Evaluating multimodal models using these authentic and intricate charts provides a more accurate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Lingdong Shen , Qigqi , Kun Ding , Gaofeng Meng , Shiming Xiang

Extracting information from full documents is an important problem in many domains, but most previous work focus on identifying relationships within a sentence or a paragraph. It is challenging to create a large-scale information extraction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Sarthak Jain , Madeleine van Zuylen , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Iz Beltagy

In this work, we propose Oph-Guid-RAG, a multimodal visual RAG system for ophthalmology clinical question answering and decision support. We treat each guideline page as an independent evidence unit and directly retrieve page images,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shuying Chen , Sen Cui , Zhong Cao

The rapid growth of scientific literature has made it difficult for the researchers to quickly learn about the developments in their respective fields. Scientific document summarization addresses this challenge by providing summaries of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Arman Cohan , Nazli Goharian

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing large language models (LLMs) on multi-hop question answering (QA), which requires reasoning over evidence from multiple documents. Current multi-hop RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yikai Zhu , Kunfeng Chen , Qihuang Zhong , Juhua Liu , Bo Du

In recent years extracting relevant information from biomedical and clinical texts such as research articles, discharge summaries, or electronic health records have been a subject of many research efforts and shared challenges. Relation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-01 Sunil Kumar Sahu , Ashish Anand , Krishnadev Oruganty , Mahanandeeshwar Gattu

Unstructured notes within the electronic health record (EHR) contain rich clinical information vital for cancer treatment decision making and research, yet reliably extracting structured oncology data remains challenging due to extensive…

As researchers collect increasingly large molecular data sets to reconstruct the Tree of Life, the heterogeneity of signals in the genomes of diverse organisms poses challenges for traditional phylogenetic analysis. A class of phylogenetic…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-09-11 Liang Liu , Zhenxiang Xi , Shaoyuan Wu , Charles Davis , Scott V. Edwards

Despite diverse efforts to mine various modalities of medical data, the conversations between physicians and patients at the time of care remain an untapped source of insights. In this paper, we leverage this data to extract structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Kundan Krishna , Amy Pavel , Benjamin Schloss , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Zachary C. Lipton

Causal relation extraction (CRE) is central to biomedical text mining, but current resources often conflate causal relations with broader associations, restrict annotation to sentence-level examples, or focus mainly on explicit causal cues.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ifeoluwa Kunle-John , Josiah Paul , Oluwatosin Agbaakin , Peter Aina , Ikenna Odezuligbo , Sydney Anuyah

In Biomedical Natural Language Processing (BioNLP) tasks, such as Relation Extraction, Named Entity Recognition, and Text Classification, the scarcity of high-quality data remains a significant challenge. This limitation poisons large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Bin Liang , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong

Misinformation in healthcare, from vaccine hesitancy to unproven treatments, poses risks to public health and trust in medical systems. While machine learning and natural language processing have advanced automated fact-checking, validating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Mariano Barone , Antonio Romano , Giuseppe Riccio , Marco Postiglione , Vincenzo Moscato

We present a novel approach to automating the identification of risk factors for diseases from medical literature, leveraging pre-trained models in the bio-medical domain, while tuning them for the specific task. Faced with the challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Maxim Rubchinsky , Ella Rabinovich , Adi Shraibman , Netanel Golan , Tali Sahar , Dorit Shweiki

Machine learning methods for estimating treatment effect heterogeneity promise greater flexibility than existing methods that test a few pre-specified hypotheses. However, one problem these methods can have is that it can be challenging to…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-08-05 Patrick Rehill

The records of a clinical encounter can be extensive and complex, thus placing a premium on tools that can extract and summarize relevant information. This paper introduces the task of generating discharge summaries for a clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Han-Chin Shing , Chaitanya Shivade , Nima Pourdamghani , Feng Nan , Philip Resnik , Douglas Oard , Parminder Bhatia
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