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Optimization of on-demand transportation systems and ride-sharing services involves solving a class of complex vehicle routing problems with pickup and delivery with time windows (VRPPDTW). This paper first proposes a new time-discretized…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-12 Monirehalsadat Mahmoudi , Xuesong Zhou

This paper introduces a novel compact mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation and a discretization discovery-based solution approach for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW). We aim to solve the optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-04 Udayan Mandal , Amelia Regan , Louis Martin Rousseau , Julian Yarkony

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a fundamental NP-hard problem in logistics. Augmented Lagrangian Methods (ALM) for solving CVRP performance depends heavily on well-tuned penalty parameters. In this paper, we propose a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-22 Monit Sharma , Hoong Chuin Lau

The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time-Windows (VRPTW) is an important problem in allocating resources on networks in time and space. We present in this paper a Deterministic Annealing (DA)-based approach to solving the VRPTW with its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-14 Mayank Baranwal , Pratik M. Parekh , Lavanya Marla , Srinivasa M. Salapaka , Carolyn L. Beck

Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) in real-world applications often come with various constraints, therefore bring additional computational challenges to exact solution methods or heuristic search approaches. The recent idea to learn heuristic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Qiaoyue Tang , Yangzhe Kong , Lemeng Pan , Choonmeng Lee

The Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (DVRPTW) is an extension of the well-known Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), which takes into account the dynamic nature of the problem. This aspect requires the vehicle routes to be…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-04-07 Raluca Necula , Mihaela Breaban , Madalina Raschip

The electrification of off-road heavy equipment presents operational challenges for agencies serving remote sites with limited fixed charging infrastructure. Existing mobile fast charging vehicle (MFCV) planning approaches typically treat…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Farhang Motallebi Araghi , Armin Abdolmohammadi , Navid Mojahed , Shima Nazari

We study a new variant of the well-studied Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW), called the fragility-constrained VRPTW, which assumes that 1) the capacity of a vehicle is organized in multiple identical stacks; 2) all items…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Clément Altman , Guy Desaulniers , Fausto Errico

Multi-vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (MVRPSTW) is an indispensable constituent in urban logistics distribution systems. Over the past decade, numerous methods for MVRPSTW have been proposed, but most are based on heuristic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ke Zhang , Meng Li , Zhengchao Zhang , Xi Lin , Fang He

In this paper we present a new approach to tackle complex routing problems with an improved state representation that utilizes the model complexity better than previous methods. We enable this by training from temporal differences.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Ahmad Bdeir , Simon Boeder , Tim Dernedde , Kirill Tkachuk , Jonas K. Falkner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Recent neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) methods have shown promising problem-solving ability without requiring domain-specific expertise. Most existing NCO methods use training and testing data with a fixed constraint value and lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fu Luo , Yaoxin Wu , Zhi Zheng , Zhenkun Wang

We present a novel framework that combines machine learning with mixed-integer optimization to solve the Capacitated Location-Routing Problem (CLRP). The CLRP is a classical NP-hard problem that integrates strategic facility location with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Waquar Kaleem , Doyoung Lee , Changhyun Kwon , Anirudh Subramanyam

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), a fundamental combinatorial optimization challenge, focuses on optimizing fleet operations under vehicle capacity constraints. While extensively studied in operational research, the NP-hard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zhuoliang Xie , Fei Liu , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

Learning to solve combinatorial optimization problems, such as the vehicle routing problem, offers great computational advantages over classical operations research solvers and heuristics. The recently developed deep reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Daniela Thyssens , Jonas Falkner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Heavy goods vehicles are vital backbones of the supply chain delivery system but also contribute significantly to carbon emissions with only 60% loading efficiency in the United Kingdom. Collaborative vehicle routing has been proposed as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Stefan Schoepf , Stephen Mak , Julian Senoner , Liming Xu , Netland Torbjörn , Alexandra Brintrup

This paper introduces a reinforcement learning approach to optimize the Stochastic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (SVRP), focusing on reducing travel costs in goods delivery. We develop a novel SVRP formulation that accounts for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Zangir Iklassov , Ikboljon Sobirov , Ruben Solozabal , Martin Takac

Quantum computation has demonstrated a promising alternative to solving the NP-hard combinatorial problems. Specifically, when it comes to optimization, classical approaches become intractable to account for large-scale solutions.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Farzan Moosavi , Bilal Farooq

In this study, we propose a reinforcement learning-based adaptive variable neighborhood search (RL-AVNS) method designed for effectively solving the Vehicle Routing Problem with Multiple Time Windows (VRPMTW). Unlike traditional adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Kuan Xu , Zhiguang Cao , Chenlong Zheng , Linong Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are deep learning models designed to generate text based on textual input. Although researchers have been developing these models for more complex tasks such as code generation and general reasoning, few efforts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Mahmoud Masoud , Ahmed Abdelhay , Mohammed Elhenawy

The main goal of this paper is to time-effectively route and schedule a fleet of Electric Vehicles (EVs) on a road network in order to serve a set of customers. In particular, we aim to propose an optimized route planning by exploiting the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-02 Maurizio Bruglieri , Ferdinando Pezzella , Ornella Pisacane , Stefano Suraci