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The increasing reliance on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), particularly the Global Positioning System (GPS), underscores the urgent need to safeguard these technologies against malicious threats such as spoofing and jamming. As…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ali Ghanbarzade , Hossein Soleimani

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provides Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services for autonomous vehicles (AVs) using satellites and radio communications. Due to the lack of encryption, open-access of the coarse…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Sagar Dasgupta , Mizanur Rahman , Mhafuzul Islam , Mashrur Chowdhury

We present a data generation framework designed to simulate spoofing attacks and randomly place attack scenarios worldwide. We apply deep neural network-based models for spoofing detection, utilizing Long Short-Term Memory networks and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jan Zelinka , Oliver Kost , Marek Hrúz

In this paper, we validate the performance of the a sensor fusion-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spoofing attack detection framework for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). To collect data, a vehicle equipped with a GNSS receiver,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Sagar Dasgupta , Kazi Hassan Shakib , Mizanur Rahman

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are integrated into many devices. However, civilian GNSS signals are usually not cryptographically protected. This makes attacks that forge signals relatively easy. Considering modern devices often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Wenjie Liu , Panos Papadimitratos

The limited or no protection for civilian Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals makes spoofing attacks relatively easy. With modern mobile devices often featuring network interfaces, state-of-the-art signals of opportunity (SOP)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Wenjie Liu , Panos Papadimitratos

This paper presents a sensor fusion based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spoofing attack detection framework for autonomous vehicles (AV) that consists of two concurrent strategies: (i) detection of vehicle state using predicted…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-30 Sagar Dasgupta , Mizanur Rahman , Mhafuzul Islam , Mashrur Chowdhury

The rapid development of technology has led to an increase in the number of devices that rely on position, velocity, and time (PVT) information to perform their functions. As such, the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have been…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Leatile Marata , Juhani Sankari , Eslam Eldeeb , Mikko Valkama , Elena Simona Lohan

Recently, several global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) emerged following the transformative technology impact of the first GNSS: US Global Positioning System (GPS). The power level of GNSS signals as measured at the earths surface is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-20 Erick Schmidt , Zach A. Ruble , David Akopian , Daniel J. Pack

Location-based service (LBS) applications proliferate and support transportation, entertainment, and more. Modern mobile platforms, with smartphones being a prominent example, rely on terrestrial and satellite infrastructures (e.g., global…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Wenjie Liu , Panos Papadimitratos

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on the Global Positioning System (GPS) or Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for precise (Positioning, Navigation, and Timing) PNT solutions. However, the vulnerability of GPS signals to intentional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Sagar Dasgupta , Abdullah Ahmed , Mizanur Rahman , Thejesh N. Bandi

Global Positioning System (GPS) spoofing involves transmitting fake signals that mimic those from GPS satellites, causing the GPS receivers to calculate incorrect Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) information. Recently, there has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Mathilde Durieux , Kayla D. Taylor , Laxima Niure Kandel , Deepti Gupta

The global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) play a vital role in transport systems for accurate and consistent vehicle localization. However, GNSS observations can be distorted due to multipath effects and non-line-of-sight (NLOS)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Haoming Zhang , Zhanxin Wang , Heike Vallery

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are critical for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) applications. However, GNSS are highly vulnerable to spoofing attacks, where adversaries transmit counterfeit signals to mislead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Abyad Enan , Mashrur Chowdhury , Sagar Dasgupta , Mizanur Rahman

The vulnerability of the Global Positioning System (GPS) against spoofing is known for quite some time. Also, the positioning and navigation of most semi-autonomous and autonomous drones are dependent on Global Navigation Satellite System…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-22 M. Surendra Kumar , Gaurav S. Kasbekar , Arnab Maity

GNSS are indispensable for various applications, but they are vulnerable to spoofing attacks. The original receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) was not designed for securing GNSS. In this context, RAIM was extended with wireless…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Wenjie Liu , Panos Papadimitratos

Accurate and robust localization is crucial for supporting high-level driving automation and safety. Modern localization solutions rely on various sensors, among which GPS has been and will continue to be essential. However, GPS can be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-16 Feilong Wang , Yuan Hong , Jeff Ban

With the rise of location-based service (LBS) applications that rely on terrestrial and satellite infrastructures (e.g., GNSS and crowd-sourced Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular, and IP databases) for positioning, ensuring their integrity and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wenjie Liu , Panos Papadimitratos

Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) rely on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) pseudorange measurements for accurate real-time localization and navigation. However, this dependence exposes them to sophisticated spoofing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Deepak Kumar Panda , Weisi Guo

The accuracy and reliability of vehicle localization on roads are crucial for applications such as self-driving cars, toll systems, and digital tachographs. To achieve accurate positioning, vehicles typically use global navigation satellite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Lucas Heublein , Nisha L. Raichur , Tobias Feigl , Tobias Brieger , Fin Heuer , Lennart Asbach , Alexander Rügamer , Felix Ott
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