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Experimental realization of stabilizer-based quantum error correction (QEC) codes that would yield superior logical qubit performance is one of the formidable task for state-of-the-art quantum processors. A major obstacle towards realizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 I. A. Simakov , I. S. Besedin , A. V. Ustinov

Noise and errors are inevitable parts of any practical implementation of a quantum computer. As a result, large-scale quantum computation will require ways to detect and correct errors on quantum information. Here, we present such a quantum…

Realizing the potential of quantum computing will require achieving sufficiently low logical error rates. Many applications call for error rates in the $10^{-15}$ regime, but state-of-the-art quantum platforms typically have physical error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-19 Zijun Chen , Kevin J. Satzinger , Juan Atalaya , Alexander N. Korotkov , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Sank , Chris Quintana , Matt McEwen , Rami Barends , Paul V. Klimov , Sabrina Hong , Cody Jones , Andre Petukhov , Dvir Kafri , Sean Demura , Brian Burkett , Craig Gidney , Austin G. Fowler , Harald Putterman , Igor Aleiner , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Ryan Babbush , Joseph C. Bardin , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexandre Bourassa , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Nicholas Bushnell , Benjamin Chiaro , Roberto Collins , William Courtney , Alan R. Derk , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Edward Farhi , Brooks Foxen , Marissa Giustina , Jonathan A. Gross , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Jeremy Hilton , Alan Ho , Trent Huang , William J. Huggins , L. B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Seon Kim , Fedor Kostritsa , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Erik Lucero , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor McCourt , Xiao Mi , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Josh Mutus , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Michael Newman , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O'Brien , Alex Opremcak , Eric Ostby , Bálint Pató , Nicholas Redd , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Vladimir Shvarts , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Matthew D. Trevithick , Benjamin Villalonga , Theodore White , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Adam Zalcman , Hartmut Neven , Sergio Boixo , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Yu Chen , Anthony Megrant , Julian Kelly

In the current Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era of quantum computing, qubit technologies are prone to imperfections, giving rise to various errors such as gate errors, decoherence/dephasing, measurement errors, leakage, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Avimita Chatterjee , Koustubh Phalak , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum error correction (QEC) plays a critical role in preventing information loss in quantum systems and provides a framework for reliable quantum computation. Identifying quantum codes with nice code parameters for physically motivated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 Sourav Dutta , Debjyoti Biswas , Prabha Mandayam

Quantum error correction provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Rajeev Acharya , Laleh Aghababaie-Beni , Igor Aleiner , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Nikita Astrakhantsev , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Dave Bacon , Brian Ballard , Joseph C. Bardin , Johannes Bausch , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexander Bilmes , Sam Blackwell , Sergio Boixo , Gina Bortoli , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , David A. Browne , Brett Buchea , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Anthony Cabrera , Juan Campero , Hung-Shen Chang , Yu Chen , Zijun Chen , Ben Chiaro , Desmond Chik , Charina Chou , Jahan Claes , Agnetta Y. Cleland , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Sayan Das , Alex Davies , Laura De Lorenzo , Dripto M. Debroy , Sean Demura , Michel Devoret , Agustin Di Paolo , Paul Donohoe , Ilya Drozdov , Andrew Dunsworth , Clint Earle , Thomas Edlich , Alec Eickbusch , Aviv Moshe Elbag , Mahmoud Elzouka , Catherine Erickson , Lara Faoro , Edward Farhi , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Suhas Ganjam , Gonzalo Garcia , Robert Gasca , Élie Genois , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Dar Gilboa , Raja Gosula , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Dietrich Graumann , Alex Greene , Jonathan A. Gross , Steve Habegger , John Hall , Michael C. Hamilton , Monica Hansen , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Francisco J. H. Heras , Stephen Heslin , Paula Heu , Oscar Higgott , Gordon Hill , Jeremy Hilton , George Holland , Sabrina Hong , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Lev B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Stephen Jordan , Chaitali Joshi , Pavol Juhas , Dvir Kafri , Hui Kang , Amir H. Karamlou , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Julian Kelly , Trupti Khaire , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Seon Kim , Paul V. Klimov , Andrey R. Klots , Bryce Kobrin , Pushmeet Kohli , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , Robin Kothari , Borislav Kozlovskii , John Mark Kreikebaum , Vladislav D. Kurilovich , Nathan Lacroix , David Landhuis , Tiano Lange-Dei , Brandon W. Langley , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Loïck Le Guevel , Justin Ledford , Kenny Lee , Yuri D. Lensky , Shannon Leon , Brian J. Lester , Wing Yan Li , Yin Li , Alexander T. Lill , Wayne Liu , William P. Livingston , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Daniel Lundahl , Aaron Lunt , Sid Madhuk , Fionn D. Malone , Ashley Maloney , Salvatore Mandrá , Leigh S. Martin , Steven Martin , Orion Martin , Cameron Maxfield , Jarrod R. McClean , Matt McEwen , Seneca Meeks , Anthony Megrant , Xiao Mi , Kevin C. Miao , Amanda Mieszala , Reza Molavi , Sebastian Molina , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Ramis Movassagh , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Hartmut Neven , Michael Newman , Jiun How Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Chia-Hung Ni , Thomas E. O'Brien , William D. Oliver , Alex Opremcak , Kristoffer Ottosson , Andre Petukhov , Alex Pizzuto , John Platt , Rebecca Potter , Orion Pritchard , Leonid P. Pryadko , Chris Quintana , Ganesh Ramachandran , Matthew J. Reagor , David M. Rhodes , Gabrielle Roberts , Eliott Rosenberg , Emma Rosenfeld , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Negar Saei , Daniel Sank , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Kevin J. Satzinger , Henry F. Schurkus , Christopher Schuster , Andrew W. Senior , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Noah Shutty , Vladimir Shvarts , Shraddha Singh , Volodymyr Sivak , Jindra Skruzny , Spencer Small , Vadim Smelyanskiy , W. Clarke Smith , Rolando D. Somma , Sofia Springer , George Sterling , Doug Strain , Jordan Suchard , Aaron Szasz , Alex Sztein , Douglas Thor , Alfredo Torres , M. Mert Torunbalci , Abeer Vaishnav , Justin Vargas , Sergey Vdovichev , Guifre Vidal , Benjamin Villalonga , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Steven Waltman , Shannon X. Wang , Brayden Ware , Kate Weber , Theodore White , Kristi Wong , Bryan W. K. Woo , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Bicheng Ying , Juhwan Yoo , Noureldin Yosri , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobrist

Quantum error correction uses the measurement of syndromes and classical decoding algorithms to estimate the location and type of errors while protecting the encoded quantum bits. Here we consider how prior information and Bayesian updates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Jonathan Kunjummen , Jacob M. Taylor

Quantum circuits implementing fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC) for the three qubit bit-flip code and five-qubit code are studied. To describe the effect of noise, we apply a model based on a generalized effective Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Y. C. Cheng , R. J. Silbey

Quantum computation and communication are important branches of quantum information science. However, noise in realistic quantum devices fundamentally limits the utility of these quantum technologies. A conventional approach towards…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Kyungjoo Noh

Quantum computing roadmaps predict the availability of 10,000 qubit devices within the next 3-5 years. With projected two-qubit error rates of 0.1%, these systems will enable certain operations under quantum error correction (QEC) using…

Quantum bits are more robust to noise when they are encoded non-locally. In such an encoding, errors affecting the underlying physical system can then be detected and corrected before they corrupt the encoded information. In 2001,…

Current approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation will not enable useful quantum computation on near-term devices of 50 to 100 qubits. Leading proposals, such as the color code and surface code schemes, must devote a large fraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Peter D. Johnson , Jonathan Romero , Jonathan Olson , Yudong Cao , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

This work compares the overhead of quantum error correction with concatenated and topological quantum error-correcting codes. To perform a numerical analysis, we use the Quantum Resource Estimator Toolbox (QuRE) that we recently developed.…

Quantum error correction is believed to be a necessity for large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. In the past two decades, various constructions of quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) have been developed, leading to many good…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-07 Chenfeng Cao , Chao Zhang , Zipeng Wu , Markus Grassl , Bei Zeng

Quantum error correction and the use of quantum error correction codes is likely to be essential for the realisation of practical quantum computing. Because the error models of quantum devices vary widely, quantum codes which are tailored…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-23 Mark Webster , Dan Browne

Quantum error correction codes are usually designed to correct errors regardless of their physical origins. In large-scale devices, this is an essential feature. In smaller-scale devices, however, the main error sources are often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 David Layden , Louisa Ruixue Huang , Paola Cappellaro

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for building scalable quantum computers, but a lack of systematic, end-to-end evaluation methods makes it difficult to assess how different QEC codes perform under realistic conditions. The vast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Aleksandra Świerkowska , Jannik Pflieger , Emmanouil Giortamis , Pramod Bhatotia

Quantum computers are highly susceptible to errors due to unintended interactions with their environment. It is crucial to correct these errors without gaining information about the quantum state, which would result in its destruction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-22 Santiago Lopez , Jonathan Andrade Plascencia , Gabriel N. Perdue

In the near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, high noise will significantly reduce the fidelity of quantum computing. Besides, the noise on quantum devices is not stable. This leads to a challenging problem: At run-time, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Zhirui Hu , Robert Wolle , Mingzhen Tian , Qiang Guan , Travis Humble , Weiwen Jiang

A variety of past research on superconducting qubits shows that these devices exhibit considerable variation and thus cannot be accurately depicted by a uniform noise model. To combat this often unrealistic picture of homogeneous noise in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Jacob S. Palmer , Kaitlin N. Smith