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Standard approaches to quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computing are based on encoding a single logical qubit into many physical ones, resulting in asymptotically zero encoding rates and therefore huge resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-06 Hayato Goto

Foliated quantum codes are a resource for fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum error correction for quantum repeaters and for quantum computation. They represent a general approach to integrating a range of possible quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-05 A. Bolt , D. Poulin , T. M. Stace

Quantum error correction codes (QECCs) play a central role in both quantum communications and quantum computation. Practical quantum error correction codes, such as stabilizer codes, are generally structured to suit a specific use, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Diogo Cruz , Francisco A. Monteiro , Bruno C. Coutinho

The design of block codes for short information blocks (e.g., a thousand or less information bits) is an open research problem that is gaining relevance thanks to emerging applications in wireless communication networks. In this paper, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Mustafa Cemil Coşkun , Giuseppe Durisi , Thomas Jerkovits , Gianluigi Liva , William Ryan , Brian Stein , Fabian Steiner

Efficient and accurate decoding of quantum error-correcting codes is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computation, however, it is challenging due to the degeneracy of errors, the complex code topology, and the large space for logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Hanyan Cao , Feng Pan , Dongyang Feng , Yijia Wang , Pan Zhang

We present a universal framework for quantum error-correcting codes, i.e., the one that applies for the most general quantum error-correcting codes. This framework is established on the group algebra, an algebraic notation for the nice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-06 Zhuo Li , Li-Juan Xing

Generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes, where single parity-check constraints on the code bits are replaced with generalized constraints (an arbitrary linear code), are a promising class of codes for low-latency communication.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Roxana Smarandache , David G. M. Mitchell , Anthony Gómez-Fonseca

We introduce univariate bicycle (UB) codes, a structured subclass of generalized bicycle (GB) quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes obtained via a Frobenius relation. This construction reduces the code design space from a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Sheida Rabeti , Hessam Mahdavifar

The constituent parts of a quantum computer are inherently vulnerable to errors. To this end we have developed quantum error-correcting codes to protect quantum information from noise. However, discovering codes that are capable of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Benjamin J. Brown , Naomi H. Nickerson , Dan E. Browne

The discovery of new quantum error-correcting codes that encode several logical qubits into relatively few physical qubits motivates the development of efficient and accurate methods of decoding these systems. Here, we adopt the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Kaavya Sahay , Dominic J. Williamson , Benjamin J. Brown

In this paper, we consider quantum error correction over depolarizing channels with non-binary low-density parity-check codes defined over Galois field of size $2^p$ . The proposed quantum error correcting codes are based on the binary…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Kenta Kasai , Manabu Hagiwara , Hideki Imai , Kohichi Sakaniwa

Fault-tolerant quantum computers will depend crucially on the performance of the classical decoding algorithm which takes in the results of measurements and outputs corrections to the errors inferred to have occurred. Machine learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 John Blue , Harshil Avlani , Zhiyang He , Liu Ziyin , Isaac L. Chuang

Quantum low-density parity-check codes are promising candidates for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing, but degeneracy is known to impair the convergence of belief-propagation (BP) decoding of these codes. In this work, we show…

The realization of quantum error correction protocols whose logical error rates are suppressed far below physical error rates relies on an intricate combination: the error-correcting code's efficiency, the syndrome extraction circuit's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Andrey Boris Khesin , Jonathan Z. Lu

The problem of finding quantum error-correcting codes is transformed into the problem of finding additive codes over the field GF(4) which are self-orthogonal with respect to a certain trace inner product. Many new codes and new bounds are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 A. R. Calderbank , E. M Rains , P. W. Shor , N. J. A. Sloane

Generalized-bicycle (GB) and more general two-block group-algebra (2BGA) quantum error-correcting codes have naturally redundant minimum-weight stabilizer generators. To use this redundancy, we constructed a large number of ``planar'' 2BGA…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Hsiang-Ku Lin , Xingrui Liu , Pak Kau Lim , Leonid P. Pryadko

We present the bicycle architecture, a modular quantum computing framework based on high-rate, low-overhead quantum LDPC codes identified in prior work. For two specific bivariate bicycle codes with distances 12 and 18, we construct…

Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman

Fault-tolerant quantum computation critically depends on architectures uniting high encoding rates with physical implementability. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, including bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve dramatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Yingli Yang , Guo Zhang , Ying Li

Recent progress in quantum computing has enabled systems with tens of reliable logical qubits, built from thousands of noisy physical qubits. However, many impactful applications demand quantum computations with millions of logical qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Daiki Komoto , Kenta Kasai