English
Related papers

Related papers: Sublinear Classical-to-Quantum Data Encoding using…

200 papers

In a previous paper [quant-ph/0408045] we described a quantum algorithm to prepare an arbitrary state of a quantum register with arbitrary fidelity. Here we present an alternative algorithm which uses a small number of quantum oracles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Andrei N. Soklakov , Ruediger Schack

Complex quantum circuits are constituted by combinations of quantum subroutines. The computation is possible as long as the quantum data encoding is consistent throughout the circuit. Despite its fundamental importance, the formalization of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Gabriele Agliardi , Enrico Prati

Entangling gates between qubits are a crucial component for performing algorithms in quantum computers. However, any quantum algorithm must ultimately operate on error-protected logical qubits encoded in high-dimensional systems. Typically,…

The Box-Muller transform is a widely used method to generate Gaussian samples from uniform samples. Quantum amplitude encoding methods encode the multi-variate normal distribution in the amplitudes of a quantum state. This work presents the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Dinh-Long Vu , Hitomi Mori , Patrick Rebentrost

We present a quantum computing framework for VLBI data correlation. We point out that a classical baseband time series data of length $N$ can be embedded into a quantum superposition state using amplitude encoding with only $\log_2 N$…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-05 Lei Liu

Quantum computation is traditionally expressed in terms of quantum bits, or qubits. In this work, we instead consider three-level qu$trits$. Past work with qutrits has demonstrated only constant factor improvements, owing to the $\log_2(3)$…

Many quantum algorithms, such as Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithm, depend on oracles that efficiently encode classical data into a quantum state. The encoding of the data can be categorized into two types; analog-encoding where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-10 Kosuke Mitarai , Masahiro Kitagawa , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum computing draws huge attention due to its faster computational capability compared to classical computing to represent and compress the classical image data into the quantum domain. The main idea of quantum domain representation is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-20 Md Ershadul Haque , Manoranjan Paul , Anwaar Ulhaq , Tanmoy Debnath

We propose a variational method for constructing the eigenvalues and generalized eigenvalues for an arbitrary $N\times N$ complex matrix. The quantum part of our algorithm is based on encoding the matrix elements into the pure state of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Alexander I. Zenchuk , Junde Wu

We analyze surface codes, the topological quantum error-correcting codes introduced by Kitaev. In these codes, qubits are arranged in a two-dimensional array on a surface of nontrivial topology, and encoded quantum operations are associated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Eric Dennis , Alexei Kitaev , Andrew Landahl , John Preskill

Data encoding plays a fundamental and distinctive role in Quantum Machine Learning (QML). While classical approaches process data directly as vectors, QML may require transforming classical data into quantum states through encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Orlane Zang , Grégoire Barrué , Tony Quertier

Quantum access to arbitrary classical data encoded in unitary black-box oracles underlies interesting data-intensive quantum algorithms, such as machine learning or electronic structure simulation. The feasibility of these applications…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Shuchen Zhu , Aarthi Sundaram , Guang Hao Low

We propose a novel deterministic method for preparing arbitrary quantum states. When our protocol is compiled into CNOT and arbitrary single-qubit gates, it prepares an $N$-dimensional state in depth $O(\log(N))$ and spacetime allocation (a…

In order to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation, we need to repeat the following sequence of four steps: First, perform 1 or 2 qubit quantum gates (in parallel if possible). Second, do a syndrome measurement on a subset of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Harry Buhrman , Marten Folkertsma , Bruno Loff , Niels M. P. Neumann

High-rate and large-distance quantum codes are expected to make fault-tolerant quantum computing more efficient, but most of them lack efficient fault-tolerant encoded-state preparation methods. We propose such a fault-tolerant encoder for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Naoyuki Kanomata , Hayato Goto

Gate-based universal quantum computation is formulated in terms of two types of operations: local single-qubit gates, which are typically easily implementable, and two-qubit entangling gates, whose faithful implementation remains one of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Xiaoqin Gao , Paul Appel , Nicolai Friis , Martin Ringbauer , Marcus Huber

Quantum computing has attracted the attention of the scientific community in the past few decades. However, despite some relevant advantages, near-term quantum devices remain severely limited by thermal effects, which induce decoherence and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 G. X. A. Petronilo , M. R. Araújo , A. B. M. Souza , Clebson Cruz

The equivalence between the instructions used to define programs and the input data on which the instructions operate is a basic principle of classical computer architectures and programming. Replacing classical data with quantum states…

Along with the development of quantum technology, finding useful applications of quantum computers has been a central pursuit. Despite various quantum algorithms have been developed, many of them often require strong input assumptions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Nhat A. Nghiem

A potential advantage of quantum machine learning stems from the ability of encoding classical data into high dimensional complex Hilbert space using quantum circuits. Recent studies exhibit that not all encoding methods are the same when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-24 Andrew Vlasic , Anh Pham