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Research into time series classification has tended to focus on the case of series of uniform length. However, it is common for real-world time series data to have unequal lengths. Differing time series lengths may arise from a number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Chang Wei Tan , Francois Petitjean , Eamonn Keogh , Geoffrey I. Webb

Benchmarking anomaly detection approaches for multivariate time series is a challenging task due to a lack of high-quality datasets. Current publicly available datasets are too small, not diverse and feature trivial anomalies, which hinders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Lucas Correia , Jan-Christoph Goos , Thomas Bäck , Anna V. Kononova

In the past few years, time series foundation models have achieved superior predicting accuracy. However, real-world time series often exhibit significant diversity in their temporal patterns across different time spans and domains, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Aobo Liang , Yan Sun , Xiaohou Shi , Ke Li

Time series, characterized by a sequence of data points organized in a discrete-time order, are ubiquitous in real-world scenarios. Unlike other data modalities, time series present unique challenges in learning and modeling due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yuxuan Wang , Haixu Wu , Jiaxiang Dong , Yong Liu , Chen Wang , Mingsheng Long , Jianmin Wang

The process of collecting and organizing sets of observations represents a common theme throughout the history of science. However, despite the ubiquity of scientists measuring, recording, and analyzing the dynamics of different processes,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-05-23 Ben D. Fulcher , Max A. Little , Nick S. Jones

Time series classification is usually regarded as a distinct task from tabular data classification due to the importance of temporal information. However, in this paper, by performing permutation tests that disrupt temporal information on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yunrui Zhang , Gustavo Batista , Salil S. Kanhere

Real-world time series data that commonly reflect sequential human behavior are often uniquely irregularly sampled and sparse, with highly nonuniform sampling over time and entities. Yet, commonly-used pretraining and augmentation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Nicasia Beebe-Wang , Sayna Ebrahimi , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan O. Arik , Tomas Pfister

Observations made in continuous time are often irregular and contain the missing values across different channels. One approach to handle the missing data is imputing it using splines, by fitting the piecewise polynomials to the observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Marin Biloš , Emanuel Ramneantu , Stephan Günnemann

Time series anomaly detection is widely used in IoT and cyber-physical systems, yet its evaluation remains challenging due to diverse application objectives and heterogeneous metric assumptions. This study introduces a problem-oriented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kaixiang Yang , Jiarong Liu , Yupeng Song , Shuanghua Yang , Yujue Zhou

Time series anomaly detection has been a perennially important topic in data science, with papers dating back to the 1950s. However, in recent years there has been an explosion of interest in this topic, much of it driven by the success of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Renjie Wu , Eamonn J. Keogh

Many businesses and industries nowadays rely on large quantities of time series data making time series forecasting an important research area. Global forecasting models that are trained across sets of time series have shown a huge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Rakshitha Godahewa , Christoph Bergmeir , Geoffrey I. Webb , Rob J. Hyndman , Pablo Montero-Manso

In many fields observations are performed irregularly along time, due to either measurement limitations or lack of a constant immanent rate. While discrete-time Markov models (as Dynamic Bayesian Networks) introduce either inefficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Michael Ramati , Yuval Shahar

Generative modeling of time series is a central challenge in time series analysis, particularly under data-scarce conditions. Despite recent advances in generative modeling, a comprehensive understanding of how state-of-the-art generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Tal Gonen , Itai Pemper , Ilan Naiman , Nimrod Berman , Omri Azencot

Irregularly-sampled time series (ITS) are native to high-impact domains like healthcare, where measurements are collected over time at uneven intervals. However, for many classification problems, only small portions of long time series are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Thomas Hartvigsen , Jidapa Thadajarassiri , Xiangnan Kong , Elke Rundensteiner

Multivariate time series alignment is critical for ensuring coherent analysis across variables, but missing values and timestamp inconsistencies make this task highly challenging. Existing approaches often rely on prior imputation, which…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ding Jia , Jingyu Zhu , Yu Sun , Aoqian Zhang , Shaoxu Song , Haiwei Zhang , Xiaojie Yuan

Anomaly detection on multivariate time-series is of great importance in both data mining research and industrial applications. Recent approaches have achieved significant progress in this topic, but there is remaining limitations. One major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Hang Zhao , Yujing Wang , Juanyong Duan , Congrui Huang , Defu Cao , Yunhai Tong , Bixiong Xu , Jing Bai , Jie Tong , Qi Zhang

Errors are prevalent in time series data, especially in the industrial field. Data with errors could not be stored in the database, which results in the loss of data assets. Handling the dirty data in time series is non-trivial, when given…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Xi Wang , Chen Wang

Despite the eminent successes of deep neural networks, many architectures are often hard to transfer to irregularly-sampled and asynchronous time series that commonly occur in real-world datasets, especially in healthcare applications. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Max Horn , Michael Moor , Christian Bock , Bastian Rieck , Karsten Borgwardt

Robust causal discovery in time series datasets depends on reliable benchmark datasets with known ground-truth causal relationships. However, such datasets remain scarce, and existing synthetic alternatives often overlook critical temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Muhammad Hasan Ferdous , Emam Hossain , Md Osman Gani

Time series generation is critical for a wide range of applications, which greatly supports downstream analytical and decision-making tasks. However, the inherent temporal heterogeneous induced by localized perturbations present significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jintao Zhang , Mingyue Cheng , Zirui Liu , Xianquan Wang , Yitong Zhou , Qi Liu