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The effective medium representation is fundamental in providing a performance-to-design approach for many devices based on metamaterials. While there are recent works in extending the effective medium concept into the temporal domain, a…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-08-25 Xinhua Wen , Xinghong Zhu , Hong Wei Wu , Jensen Li

An effective medium theory for resonant and non-resonant metamaterials for flexural waves in thin plates is presented. The theory provides closed-form expressions for the effective parameters of arrangement of inclusions or resonators in…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-10-08 Daniel Torrent , Yan Pennec , Bahram Djafari-Rouhani

We present an effective medium description of time-modulated dielectric media. By taking the averaged fields over one modulation period, the relationship between them is derived, defining therefore the different constitutive parameters. In…

Optics · Physics 2021-01-04 Dani Torrent

This paper provides a general framework for deriving effective material properties of one-dimensional, time-modulated systems of subwavelength resonators. It applies to subwavelength resonator systems with a general form of time-dependent…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-17 Habib Ammari , Jinghao Cao , Erik Orvehed Hiltunen , Liora Rueff

Space-time modulated metamaterials support extraordinary rich applications, such as parametric amplification, frequency conversion and non-reciprocal transmission. However, experimental realization of space-time modulation is highly…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-01-13 Xinhua Wen , Xinghong Zhu , Alvin Fan , Wing Yim Tam , Jie Zhu , Fabrice Lemoult , Mathias Fink , Jensen Li

We develop a dynamical effective medium theory to accurately predict the unusual properties of elastic metamaterials in two dimensions near the resonant frequencies. The theory shows that the effective bulk modulus, shear modulus, and mass…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-07-10 Ying Wu , Yun Lai , Zhao-Qing Zhang

Recent advancement in digital coding metasurfaces incorporating spatial and temporal modulation has enabled simultaneous control of electromagnetic (EM) waves in both space and frequency domains by manipulating incident EM waves in a…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-05-08 Shaghayegh Vosoughitabar , Chung-Tse Michael Wu

In lossless acoustic systems, mode transitions are always time-reversible, consistent with Lorentz reciprocity, giving rise to symmetric sound manipulation in space-time. To overcome this fundamental limitation and break space-time…

Space-time-varying materials pledge to deliver nonreciprocal dispersion in linear systems by inducing an artificial momentum bias. Although such a paradigm eliminates the need for actual motion of the medium, experimental realization of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-02-18 M. A. Attarzadeh , J. Callanan , M. Nouh

An effective-medium theory (EMT) is developed to predict the effective permittivity \epsilon_eff of dense random dispersions of high optical-conductivity metals such as Ag, Au and Cu. Dependence of \epsilon_eff on the volume fraction \phi,…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-04 Satvik N. Wani , Ashok S. Sangani , Radhakrishna Sureshkumar

Spatiotemporally modulated elastic metamaterials have garnered increasing interest for their potential applications in nonreciprocal wave devices. Most existing studies, however, focus on systems where spatiotemporal modulation is…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Yingrui Ye , Chunxia Liu , Alessandro Marzani , Emanuele Riva , Antonio Palermo , Xiaopeng Wang

Temporal metamaterials are artificial materials whose electromagnetic properties change over time. In analogy with spatial media and metamaterials, where their properties change smoothly or abruptly over space, temporal metamaterials can…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-06 Davide Ramaccia , Andrea Alu , Alessandro Toscano , Filiberto Bilotti

Temporal modulation of components of electromagnetic systems provides an exceptional opportunity to engineer the response of those systems in a desired fashion, both in the time and frequency domains. For engineering time-modulated systems,…

Modulation of metasurfaces in time gives rise to several exotic space-time scattering phenomena by violating the reciprocity and generation of higher-order frequency harmonics. We introduce a new design paradigm for time-modulated…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-12-31 Mohammad Mahdi Salary , Samad Jafar-Zanjani , Hossein Mosallaei

We study the frequency dependence of the effective electromagnetic parameters of left-handed and related meta-materials of the split ring resonator and wire type. We show that the reduced translational symmetry (periodic structure) inherent…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-10 Th. Koschny , P. Markos , E. N. Economou , D. R. Smith , D. C. Vier , C. M. Soukoulis

Here, we present an overview of recent developments in the characterization of electromagnetic and quantum metamaterials using effective medium methods. It is highlighted that both electromagnetic and electronic systems can be homogenized…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-11-23 Mario G. Silveirinha

In recent years, metamaterials have gained considerable attention as a promising material technology due to their unique properties and customizable design, distinguishing them from traditional materials. This article delves into the value…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-04-09 Sichao Qu , Min Yang , Yunfei Xu , Songwen Xiao , Nicholas X. Fang

We develop the theory of acoustic wave propagation in a waveguide containing an array of time modulated digital meta-atoms, showing the equivalence between this array and a homogeneous, time varying, dispersive material. In the limit of an…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-09-30 S. A. R. Horsley

The transfer matrix method remains a simple yet powerful tool for modeling acoustic systems, particularly in a closed waveguide geometry. Here we present a generalisation of this method based on the theory of mode matching, that…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-04-07 D. Cidlinsky , G. J. Chaplain , S. A. R. Horsley

The resonant elements that grant metamaterials their unique properties have the fundamental limitation of restricting their useable frequency bandwidth. The development of frequency-agile metamaterials has helped to alleviate these…

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