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Online exams conducted via video conferencing platforms such as Zoom have become widespread, yet ensuring exam integrity remains challenging due to the difficulty of monitoring multiple video feeds in real time. We present iExam, an online…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Xu Yang , Juantao Zhong , Daoyuan Wu , Xiao Yi , Jimmy H. M. Lee , Tan Lee , Peng Han

Automatic verification deals with the validation by means of computers of correctness certificates. The related tools, usually called proof assistants or interactive provers, provide an interactive environment for the creation of formal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-16 Andrea Asperti

Interactive proof assistants are computer programs carefully constructed to check a human-designed proof of a mathematical claim with high confidence in the implementation. However, this only validates truth of a formal claim, which may…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Colin S. Gordon , Sergey Matskevich

Interactive proof assistants make it possible for ordinary mathematicians to write definitions and theorems in a formal proof language, like a programming language, so that a computer can parse them and check them against the rules of a…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Jeremy Avigad , Johan Commelin , Heather Macbeth , Adam Topaz

We describe our Natural Deduction Assistant (NaDeA) and the interfaces between the Isabelle proof assistant and NaDeA. In particular, we explain how NaDeA, using a generated prover that has been verified in Isabelle, provides feedback to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Jørgen Villadsen , Andreas Halkjær From , Anders Schlichtkrull

Real-life conjectures do not come with instructions saying whether they they should be proven or, instead, refuted. Yet, as we now know, in either case the final argument produced had better be not just convincing but actually verifiable in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-21 João Marcos

In order to help students learn how to write mathematical proofs, we adapt the Coq proof assistant into an educational tool we call Waterproof. Like with other interactive theorem provers, students write out their proofs inside the software…

Auto-active verifiers provide a level of automation intermediate between fully automatic and interactive: users supply code with annotations as input while benefiting from a high level of automation in the back-end. This paper presents…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-09-01 Julian Tschannen , Carlo A. Furia , Martin Nordio , Nadia Polikarpova

We discuss a practical method for assessing mathematical proof online. We examine the use of faded worked examples and reading comprehension questions to understand proof. By breaking down a given proof, we formulate a checklist that can be…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2020-06-03 Robert T Bickerton , Chris Sangwin

Computer-supported learning is an increasingly important form of study since it allows for independent learning and individualized instruction. In this paper, we discuss a novel approach to developing an intelligent tutoring system for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-23 Serge Autexier , Dominik Dietrich , Marvin Schiller

Interactive theorem provers have been used extensively to reason about various software/hardware systems and mathematical theorems. The key challenge when using an interactive prover is finding a suitable sequence of proof steps that will…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-15 Thomas Gransden , Neil Walkinshaw , Rajeev Raman

Visualization plays a relevant role for discovering patterns in big sets of data. In fact, the most common way to help a human with a pattern interpretation is through a graphic. In 2D/3D virtual environments for procedural training the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Diego Riofrío-Luzcando , Jaime RamÍrez , Cristian Moral , Angélica de Antonio , Marta Berrocal-Lobo

Debugging is often a challenging and infuriating experience for secondary school students learning their first text-based programming language. Many students resort to ineffective debugging strategies, making success with solving errors…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Laurie Gale , Sue Sentance

Online exams have become widely used to evaluate students' performance in mastering knowledge in recent years, especially during the pandemic of COVID-19. However, it is challenging to conduct proctoring for online exams due to the lack of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Haotian Li , Min Xu , Yong Wang , Huan Wei , Huamin Qu

The ever-growing complexity of mathematical proofs makes their manual verification by mathematicians very cognitively demanding. Autoformalization seeks to address this by translating proofs written in natural language into a formal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Garett Cunningham , Razvan C. Bunescu , David Juedes

EvoGrader is a free, online, on-demand formative assessment service designed for use in undergraduate biology classrooms. EvoGrader's web portal is powered by Amazon's Elastic Cloud and run with LightSIDE Lab's open-source machine-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-02-02 Kayhan Moharreri , Minsu Ha , Ross H Nehm

Recent progress in formal theorem proving has benefited from large-scale proof generation and verifier-aware training, but agentic proving is rarely integrated into prover training, appearing only at inference time. We present OProver, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 David Ma , Kaijing Ma , Shawn Guo , Yunfeng Shi , Enduo Zhao , Jiajun Shi , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Gavin Cheung , Jiaheng Liu , Zili Wang

Interactive theorem provers (ITPs) are powerful tools for the formal verification of mathematical proofs down to the axiom level. However, their lack of a natural language interface remains a significant limitation. Recent advancements in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xiaolin Hu , Qinghua Zhou , Bogdan Grechuk , Ivan Y. Tyukin

We propose a new online learning model for learning with preference feedback. The model is especially suited for applications like web search and recommender systems, where preference data is readily available from implicit user feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-11-04 Pannagadatta K. Shivaswamy , Thorsten Joachims

ProofPeer strives to be a system for cloud-based interactive theorem proving. After illustrating why such a system is needed, the paper presents some of the design challenges that ProofPeer needs to meet to succeed. Contexts are presented…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2012-01-04 Steven Obua