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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) inference requires large-scale token exchange across devices, making dispatch and combine major bottlenecks in both prefill and decode. Beyond network transfer, routing-driven layout transformation, temporary relay,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tianlun Hu , Tiancheng Hu , Shengsheng Litang , Sheng Wang , Xiaoming Bao , Yuxing Li , Wei Wang , Zhongzhe Hu , Lijun Li , Hongwei Sun , Jingbin Zhou

An increasing number of LLMs employ Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures where the feed-forward layer is replaced by a pool of experts and each token only activates a small subset of them. During autoregressive generation, these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Costin-Andrei Oncescu , Qingyang Wu , Wai Tong Chung , Robert Wu , Bryan Gopal , Junxiong Wang , Tri Dao , Ben Athiwaratkun

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) enables scalable parameter growth in large language models (LLMs) by selectively activating a subset of experts, and its large parameter count necessitates distributed deployment for inference. However,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yu Han , Lehan Pan , Jie Peng , Ziyang Tao , Hanqi Zhu , Wuyang Zhang , Yanyong Zhang

With the recent advancements of deep learning technologies, the performance of voice conversion (VC) in terms of quality and similarity has been significantly improved. However, heavy computations are generally required for…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Yu-Tao Chang , Yuan-Hong Yang , Yu-Huai Peng , Syu-Siang Wang , Tai-Shih Chi , Yu Tsao , Hsin-Min Wang

Training large-scale Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models is bottlenecked by activation memory and expert-parallel communication, yet FP4 training remains impractical on Hopper-class GPUs without native MXFP4 or NVFP4 support. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Wuyue Zhang , Chongdong Huang , Chunbo You , Cheng Gu , Fengjuan Wang , Mou Sun

While federated learning (FL) enables fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) without compromising data privacy, the substantial size of an LLM renders on-device training impractical for resource-constrained clients, such as mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zihan Fang , Zheng Lin , Senkang Hu , Yanan Ma , Yihang Tao , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang

Scaling the size of language models usually leads to remarkable advancements in NLP tasks. But it often comes with a price of growing computational cost. Although a sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) can reduce the cost by activating a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Shwai He , Run-Ze Fan , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Dacheng Tao

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) allows scaling of language and vision models efficiently by activating only a small subset of experts per input. While this reduces computation, the large number of parameters still incurs substantial memory…

Scaling Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) training introduces systems challenges absent in dense models. Because each token activates only a subset of experts, this sparsity allows total parameters to grow much faster than per-token computation,…

In mobile edge computing (MEC) networks, mobile users generate diverse machine learning tasks dynamically over time. These tasks are typically offloaded to the nearest available edge server, by considering communication and computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hongbo Li , Lingjie Duan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as an effective approach to reduce the computational overhead of Transformer architectures by sparsely activating a subset of parameters for each token while preserving high model capacity. This paradigm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dohwan Ko , Jinyoung Park , Seoung Choi , Sanghyeok Lee , Seohyun Lee , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Efficient LLM inference on resource-constrained devices presents significant challenges in compute and memory utilization. Due to limited GPU memory, existing systems offload model weights to CPU memory, incurring substantial I/O overhead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xiangwen Zhuge , Xu Shen , Zeyu Wang , Fan Dang , Xuan Ding , Danyang Li , Yahui Han , Tianxiang Hao , Zheng Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for scaling model capacity while preserving computational efficiency. Despite its notable success in large language models (LLMs), existing attempts to apply MoE to Diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yujie Wei , Shiwei Zhang , Hangjie Yuan , Yujin Han , Zhekai Chen , Jiayu Wang , Difan Zou , Xihui Liu , Yingya Zhang , Yu Liu , Hongming Shan

As giant dense models advance quality but require large amounts of GPU budgets for training, the sparsely gated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), a kind of conditional computation architecture, is proposed to scale models while keeping their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Xiaonan Nie , Pinxue Zhao , Xupeng Miao , Tong Zhao , Bin Cui

The generation quality of large language models (LLMs) is often improved by utilizing inference-time sequence-level scaling methods (e.g., Chain-of-Thought). We introduce hyper-parallel scaling, a complementary framework that improves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Soheil Zibakhsh , Mohammad Samragh , Kumari Nishu , Lauren Hannah , Arnav Kundu , Minsik Cho

Mixture of experts (MoE) model is a statistical machine learning design that aggregates multiple expert networks using a softmax gating function in order to form a more intricate and expressive model. Despite being commonly used in several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Huy Nguyen , Nhat Ho , Alessandro Rinaldo

It has long been a problem to arrange and execute irregular workloads on massively parallel devices. We propose a general framework for statically batching irregular workloads into a single kernel with a runtime task mapping mechanism on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yinghan Li , Yifei Li , Jiejing Zhang , Bujiao Chen , Xiaotong Chen , Lian Duan , Yejun Jin , Zheng Li , Xuanyu Liu , Haoyu Wang , Wente Wang , Yajie Wang , Jiacheng Yang , Peiyang Zhang , Laiwen Zheng , Wenyuan Yu

Emerging expert-specialized Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, such as DeepSeek-MoE, deliver strong model quality through fine-grained expert segmentation and large top-k routing. However, their scalability is limited by substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yueming Yuan , Ahan Gupta , Jianping Li , Sajal Dash , Feiyi Wang , Minjia Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has been gaining popularity due to its successful adaptation to large language models (LLMs). In this work, we introduce Privacy-preserving Collaborative Mixture-of-Experts (PC-MoE), which leverages the sparsity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ze Yu Zhang , Bolin Ding , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) model becomes an important choice of large language models nowadays because of its scalability with sublinear computational complexity for training and inference. However, existing MoE models suffer from two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Xin Chen , Hengheng Zhang , Xiaotao Gu , Kaifeng Bi , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian
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