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We investigate the problem of semantic private information retrieval (semantic PIR). In semantic PIR, a user retrieves a message out of $K$ independent messages stored in $N$ replicated and non-colluding databases without revealing the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Sajani Vithana , Karim Banawan , Sennur Ulukus

With increasing demands for privacy, it becomes necessary to protect sensitive user query data when accessing public key-value databases. Existing Private Information Retrieval (PIR) schemes provide full security but suffer from poor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Jiaoyi Zhang , Liqiang Peng , Mo Sha , Weiran Liu , Xiang Li , Sheng Wang , Feifei Li , Mingyu Gao , Huanchen Zhang

In this paper, we present a new perspective of single server private information retrieval (PIR) schemes by using the notion of linear error-correcting codes. Many of the known single server schemes are based on taking linear combinations…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Gianira N. Alfarano , Karan Khathuria , Violetta Weger

We consider the problem of private information retrieval (PIR) of a single message out of $K$ messages from $N$ replicated and non-colluding databases where a cache-enabled user (retriever) of cache-size $S$ possesses side information in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Yi-Peng Wei , Sennur Ulukus

Private information retrieval has been reformulated in an information-theoretic perspective in recent years. The two most important parameters considered for a PIR scheme in a distributed storage system are the storage overhead and PIR…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Yiwei Zhang , Eitan Yaakobi , Tuvi Etzion , Moshe Schwartz

Private information retrieval (PIR) is the problem of retrieving as efficiently as possible, one out of $K$ messages from $N$ non-communicating replicated databases (each holds all $K$ messages) while keeping the identity of the desired…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Hua Sun , Syed A. Jafar

A private information retrieval protocol (PIR) scheme under an arbitrary collusion pattern $\mathcal{P}$ enables a client to retrieve one message from a library of $K$ equal-sized messages duplicated in $N$ servers, while keeping the index…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Guru S. Dornadula , Manikya Pant , Gowtham R. Kurri , Prasad Krishnan

In this work, a flexible and robust private information retrieval (PIR) scheme based on binary non-maximum distance separable (non-MDS) codes is considered. This combines previous works on PIR schemes based on transitive non-MDS codes on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Perttu Saarela , Matteo Allaix , Ragnar Freij-Hollanti , Camilla Hollanti

The problem of PIR in graph-based replication systems has received significant attention in recent years. A systematic study was conducted by Sadeh, Gu, and Tamo, where each file is replicated across two servers and the storage topology is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Gennian Ge , Hao Wang , Zixiang Xu , Yijun Zhang

We consider private information retrieval (PIR) of a single file out of $K$ files from $N$ non-colluding databases with heterogeneous storage constraints $\mathbf{m}=(m_1, \cdots, m_N)$. The aim of this work is to jointly design the content…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Karim Banawan , Batuhan Arasli , Yi-Peng Wei , Sennur Ulukus

We study the problem of weakly private information retrieval (PIR) when there is heterogeneity in servers' trustworthiness under the maximal leakage (Max-L) metric and mutual information (MI) metric. A user wishes to retrieve a desired…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Wenyuan Zhao , Yu-Shin Huang , Ruida Zhou , Chao Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various domains but pose inherent privacy risks. Existing methods to evaluate privacy leakage in LLMs often use memorized prefixes or simple instructions to extract data, both of which well-alignment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yidan Wang , Yanan Cao , Yubing Ren , Fang Fang , Zheng Lin , Binxing Fang

Private Information Retrieval (PIR) problem has recently attracted a significant interest in the information-theory community. In this problem, a user wants to privately download one or more messages belonging to a database with copies…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Swanand Kadhe , Anoosheh Heidarzadeh , Alex Sprintson , O. Ozan Koyluoglu

A user wants to retrieve a file from a database without revealing the identity of the file retrieved at the database, which is known as the problem of private information retrieval (PIR). If it is further required that the user obtains no…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-17 Qiwen Wang , Mikael Skoglund

In the classical private information retrieval (PIR) setup, a user wants to retrieve a file from a database or a distributed storage system (DSS) without revealing the file identity to the servers holding the data. In the quantum PIR (QPIR)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Matteo Allaix , Lukas Holzbaur , Tefjol Pllaha , Camilla Hollanti

We consider the problem of noisy private information retrieval (NPIR) from $N$ non-communicating databases, each storing the same set of $M$ messages. In this model, the answer strings are not returned through noiseless bit pipes, but…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Karim Banawan , Sennur Ulukus

After three rounds of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) strict evaluations conducted by NIST, CRYSTALS-Kyber was successfully selected in July 2022 and standardized in August 2024. It becomes urgent to further evaluate Kyber's physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Kai Wang , Dejun Xu , Jing Tian

Consider Private Information Retrieval (PIR), where a client wants to retrieve one file out of $K$ files that are replicated in $N$ different servers and the client selection must remain private when up to $T$ servers may collude.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Hassan ZivariFard , Remi A. Chou

We consider the problem of cache-aided Multiuser Private Information Retrieval (MuPIR) which is an extension of the single-user cache-aided PIR problem to the case of multiple users. In MuPIR, each of the $K_{\rm u}$ cache-equipped users…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Xiang Zhang , Kai Wan , Hua Sun , Mingyue Ji , Giuseppe Caire

Algorithms for oblivious random access machine (ORAM) simulation allow a client, Alice, to obfuscate a pattern of data accesses with a server, Bob, who is maintaining Alice's outsourced data while trying to learn information about her data.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Michael T. Goodrich