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Matrix multiplication optimization remains a fundamental challenge in computational mathematics. This work introduces a novel approach that discovers matrix multiplication schemes whose coefficients are restricted to the set $\{-1, 0, 1\}$…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-12-02 A. I. Perminov

An additive-multiplicative magic square is a square grid of numbers whose rows, columns, and long diagonals all have the same sum (called the magic sum) and the same product (called the magic product). There are numerous open problems about…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Desmond Weisenberg

We present an algorithm to reduce the computational effort for the multiplication of a given matrix with an unknown column vector. The algorithm decomposes the given matrix into a product of matrices whose entries are either zero or integer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Ralf R. Müller , Bernhard Gäde , Ali Bereyhi

In this paper, we present algorithms to solve matrix multiplication problems in the MPC model. In particular, we consider the problem under various processor/memory constraints in the MPC model and prove the following results. 1.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Lakshya Joshi , Arya Deshmukh , Atharv Chhabra , Chetan Gupta

In 2003, Cohn and Umans proposed a group-theoretic approach to bounding the exponent of matrix multiplication. Previous work within this approach ruled out certain families of groups as a route to obtaining $\omega = 2$, while other…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-11 Jonah Blasiak , Henry Cohn , Joshua A. Grochow , Kevin Pratt , Chris Umans

The (asymptotic) complexity of matrix multiplication (over the complex field) is measured by a real parameter w > 0, called the exponent of matrix multiplication (over the complex field), which is defined to be the smallest real number w >…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-09-11 Sandeep Murthy

We present a non-commutative algorithm for multiplying (7x7) matrices using 250 multiplications and a non-commutative algorithm for multiplying (9x9) matrices using 520 multiplications. These algorithms are obtained using the same…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Alexandre Sedoglavic

Univariate polynomial root-finding is a classical subject, still important for modern computing. Frequently one seeks just the real roots of a polynomial with real coefficients. They can be approximated at a low computational cost if the…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Victor Y. Pan , Liang Zhao

We propose a more accurate variant of an algorithm for multiplying 4x4 matrices using 48 multiplications over any ring containing an inverse of 2. This algorithm has an error bound exponent of only log 4 $\gamma$$\infty$,2 $\approx$ 2.386.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Clément Pernet , Alexandre Sedoglavic

It is widely known that the lower bound for the algorithmic complexity of square matrix multiplication resorts to at least $n^2$ arithmetic operations. The justification builds upon the following reasoning: given that there are $2 n^2$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Hugo Daniel Macedo

The complexity of matrix multiplication (hereafter MM) has been intensively studied since 1969, when Strassen surprisingly decreased the exponent 3 in the cubic cost of the straightforward classical MM to log 2 (7) $\approx$ 2.8074.…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Victor Pan

Fast matrix multiplication algorithms may be useful, provided that their running time is good in practice. Particularly, the leading coefficient of their arithmetic complexity needs to be small. Many sub-cubic algorithms have large leading…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Gal Beniamini , Nathan Cheng , Olga Holtz , Elaye Karstadt , Oded Schwartz

We apply the pigeonhole principle to show that there must exist Boolean functions on 7 inputs with a multiplicative complexity of at least 7, i.e., that cannot be computed with only 6 multiplications in the Galois field with two elements.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-08-08 Michael Codish , Luís Cruz-Filipe , Michael Frank , Peter Schneider-Kamp

The well known algorithm of Volker Strassen for matrix multiplication can only be used for $(m2^k \times m2^k)$ matrices. For arbitrary $(n \times n)$ matrices one has to add zero rows and columns to the given matrices to use Strassen's…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2011-05-25 Ivo Hedtke

This paper deals with circulant matrices. It is shown that a circulant matrix can be multiplied by a vector in time O(n log(n)) in a ring with roots of unity without making use of an FFT algorithm. With our algorithm we achieve a speedup of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Andreas Rosowski

What is the time complexity of matrix multiplication of sparse integer matrices with $m_{in}$ nonzeros in the input and $m_{out}$ nonzeros in the output? This paper provides improved upper bounds for this question for almost any choice of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Amir Abboud , Karl Bringmann , Nick Fischer , Marvin Künnemann

We study the cone of completely positive (cp) matrices for the first interesting case $n = 5$. This is a semialgebraic set, which means that the polynomial equalities and inequlities that define its boundary can be derived. We characterize…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-02 Max Pfeffer , Jose Alejandro Samper

A tight lower bound for required I/O when computing an ordinary matrix-matrix multiplication on a processor with two layers of memory is established. Prior work obtained weaker lower bounds by reasoning about the number of segments needed…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Tyler Michael Smith , Bradley Lowery , Julien Langou , Robert A. van de Geijn

Efficient multiple precision linear numerical computation libraries such as MPLAPACK are critical in dealing with ill-conditioned problems. Specifically, there are optimization methods for matrix multiplication, such as the Strassen…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-13 Tomonori Kouya

Matrix multiplication is the foundation from much of the success from high performance technologies like deep learning, scientific simulations, and video graphics. High level programming languages like Python and R rely on highly optimized…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Ethan Davis