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Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are fast silicon sensors with internal charge multiplication and are key candidates for precision timing layers in future high-energy hadron colliders. Their operation in harsh radiation environments,…

In this contribution, we present an innovative design of the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) gain layer, the p$^+$ implant responsible for the local and controlled signal multiplication. In the standard LGAD design, the gain layer is…

Motivated by the need for fast timing detectors to withstand up to 2 MGy of ionizing dose at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, prototype low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) have been fabricated in single pad configuration, 2x2…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-20 Martin Hoeferkamp , Alissa Howard , Gregor Kramberger , Sally Seidel , Josef Sorenson , Adam Yanez

Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are the leading 4D sensing technology selected for use in the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). However, their proximity to the interaction point makes them highly susceptible to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-23 Rajiv Gupta , Sunidhi Saxena , Kalpna Tiwari , Rahul Sharma , Namrata Agrawal , Ashutosh Bhardwaj , Kirti Ranjan , Ajay Kumar

Towards radiation tolerant sensors for pico-second timing, several dopants are explored. Using a common mask, CNM produced LGADs with boron, boron + carbon and gallium implanted gain layers are studied under neutron and proton irradiation.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-12-09 E. L. Gkougkousis , L. Castillo Garcia , S. Grinstein , V. Coco

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) are based on a n++-p+-p-p++ structure where an appropriate doping of the multiplication layer (p+) leads to high enough electric fields for impact ionization. Gain factors of few tens in charge…

In this paper, we report on the radiation resistance of 50-micron thick LGAD detectors manufactured at the Fondazione Bruno Kessler employing several different doping combinations of the gain layer. LGAD detectors with gain layer doping of…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are key components for precise timing measurements in high-energy physics experiments, including the High Luminosity upgrades of the current LHC detectors. Their performance is, however, limited by…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-02-03 Veronika Kraus , Marcos Fernandez Garcia , Luca Menzio , Michael Moll

This paper reports the last technological development on the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) and introduces a new architecture of these detectors called inverse-LGAD (iLGAD). Both approaches are based on the standard Avalanche Photo…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors(LGADs) is one of the candidate sensing technologies for future 4D-tracking applications and recently have been qualified to be used in the ATLAS and CMS timing detectors for the CERN High Luminosity Large Hadron…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-04-06 Esteban Currás , Marcos Fernández , Michael Moll

In recent years, the gain suppression mechanism has been studied for large localized charge deposits in Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs). LGADs are a thin silicon detector with a highly doped gain layer that provides moderate internal…

High-energy physics detectors, like Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) that will be used as fast timing detectors in the High Luminosity LHC experiments, have to exhibit a significant radiation tolerance. Thereby the impact of radiation…

The low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) are thin sensors with fast charge collection which in combination with internal gain deliver an outstanding time resolution of about 30 ps. High collision rates and consequent large particle rates…

Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are a type of thin silicon detector with a highly doped gain layer that provides moderate internal signal amplification. One recent challenge in the use of LGADs, studied by several research groups, is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-05-07 S. Braun , Q. Buat , J. Ding , P. Kammel , S. M. Mazza , F. McKinney-Martinez , A. Molnar , C. Lansdell , J. Ott , A. Seiden , B. Schumm , Y. Zhao

We study the radiation effects of the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and the Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) of Beijing Normal University in China. These new sensors have…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-07-07 Yuhang Tan , Tao Yang , Suyu Xiao , Kewei Wu , Lei Wang , Yaoqian Li , Zhenwei Liu , Zhijun Liang , Dejun Han , Xingan Zhang , Xin Shi

Low Gain Avalanche Diodes, also known as LGADs, are widely considered for fast-timing applications in high energy physics, nuclear physics, space science, medical imaging, and precision measurements of rare processes. Such devices are…

Gain-layer degradation from exposure to radiation limits the use of Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) in high energy particle physics detector experiments. Proper understanding of how the gain-layer is destroyed is not available on a defect…

Silicon Carbide device (4H-SiC) has potential radiation hardness, high saturated carrier velocity and low temperature sensitivity theoretically. The Silicon Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) has been verified to have excellent time…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-06-22 Tao Yang , Yuhang Tan , Congcong Wang , Xiyuan Zhang , Xin Shi

Forward proton spectrometers at high-energy proton colliders rely on precision timing to discriminate signal from background. Silicon low gain avalanche diodes (LGADs) are a candidate for future timing detectors in these systems. A major…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-03-26 C. Beirão da Cruz e Silva , G. Marozzo , G. Da Molin , J. Hollar , M. Gallinaro , M. Khakzad , S. Bashiri Kahjoq , K. Shchelina

Impact ionization in silicon devices has been extensively studied and several models for a quantitative description of the impact ionization coefficients have been proposed. We evaluate those models against gain measurements on Low Gain…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-29 Esteban Curras Rivera , Michael Moll
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