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Unit tests play a vital role in uncovering potential faults in software. While tools like EvoSuite focus on maximizing code coverage, recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shifted attention toward LLM-based test generation.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Guancheng Wang , Qinghua Xu , Lionel Briand , Kui Liu

One of the critical phases in software development is software testing. Testing helps with identifying potential bugs and reducing maintenance costs. The goal of automated test generation tools is to ease the development of tests by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Arghavan Moradi Dakhel , Amin Nikanjam , Vahid Majdinasab , Foutse Khomh , Michel C. Desmarais

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate plausible test code. Intuitively they generate this by imitating tests seen in their training data, rather than reasoning about execution semantics. However, such reasoning is important when…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Philipp Straubinger , Marvin Kreis , Stephan Lukasczyk , Gordon Fraser

Large Language Models (LLMs) often fail to generate correct code on the first attempt, which requires using generated unit tests as verifiers to validate the solutions. Despite the success of recent verification methods, they remain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sicheng Zhu , Jiajun Wang , Jiawei Ai , Xin Li

Testing is an important aspect in professional software development, both to avoid and identify bugs as well as to increase maintainability. However, increasing the number of tests beyond a reasonable amount hinders development progress. To…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Alexandros Efremidis , Joshua Schmidt , Sebastian Krings , Philipp Körner

We propose a new test case prioritization technique that combines both mutation-based and diversity-based approaches. Our diversity-aware mutation-based technique relies on the notion of mutant distinguishment, which aims to distinguish one…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-01-24 Donghwan Shin , Shin Yoo , Mike Papadakis , Doo-Hwan Bae

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been used to generate mutants in both research work and in industrial practice. However, there has been no comprehensive empirical study of their performance for this increasingly important…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Bo Wang , Mingda Chen , Ming Deng , Youfang Lin , Mark Harman , Mike Papadakis , Jie M. Zhang

LLM-based mutation testing is a promising testing technology, but existing approaches typically rely on a fixed set of mutations as few-shot examples or none at all. This can result in generic low-quality mutations, missed context-specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Bo Wang , Ming Deng , Mingda Chen , Chengran Yang , Youfang Lin , Mark Harman , Mike Papadakis , Jie M. Zhang

Mutation testing is the state-of-the-art technique for assessing the fault detection capacity of a test suite. Unfortunately, a full mutation analysis is often prohibitively expensive. The CppCheck project for instance, demands a build time…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Sten Vercammen , Serge Demeyer , Markus Borg , Niklas Pettersson , Görel Hedin

Evaluating software engineering capabilities has become a core component of modern large language models (LLMs); however, the key bottleneck hindering further scaling lies not in the scarcity of high-quality solutions, but in the lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yuxuan Sun , Yuze Zhao , Yufeng Wang , Yao Du , Zhiyuan Ma , Jinbo Wang , Mengdi Zhang , Kai Zhang , Zhenya Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved significant success across various application domains, garnering substantial attention from different communities. Unfortunately, even for the best LLM, many \textit{faults} still exist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Qiang Hu , Jin Wen , Maxime Cordy , Yuheng Huang , Wei Ma , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma

In mutation testing, the quality of a test suite is evaluated by introducing faults into a program and determining whether the program's tests detect them. Most existing approaches for mutation testing involve the application of a fixed set…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Frank Tip , Jonathan Bell , Max Schaefer

Mutation testing is a powerful technique for assessing and improving test suite quality that artificially introduces bugs and checks whether the test suites catch them. However, it is also computationally expensive and thus does not scale…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Kush Jain , Uri Alon , Alex Groce , Claire Le Goues

Mutation analysis is a powerful technique for assessing test-suite adequacy, yet conventional approaches suffer from generating redundant, equivalent, or non-executable mutants. These challenges are particularly amplified in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Pablo Valle , Shaukat Ali , Aitor Arrieta

Mutation analysis assesses a test suite's adequacy by measuring its ability to detect small artificial faults, systematically seeded into the tested program. Mutation analysis is considered one of the strongest test-adequacy criteria.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Goran Petrović , Marko Ivanković , Gordon Fraser , René Just

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in processing both natural and programming languages, which have enabled various applications in software engineering, such as requirement engineering, code generation, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Ziyu Li , Donghwan Shin

Context: Mutation Testing (MT) is an important tool in traditional Software Engineering (SE) white-box testing. It aims to artificially inject faults in a system to evaluate a test suite's capability to detect them, assuming that the test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Florian Tambon , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

Large Language Models (LLMs) are nowadays extensively used for various types of software engineering tasks, primarily code generation. Previous research has shown how suitable prompt engineering could help developers in improving their code…

Mutation testing is an approach to check the robustness of test suites. The program code is slightly changed by mutations to inject errors. A test suite is robust enough if it finds such errors. Tools for mutation testing usually integrate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Christoph Bockisch , Gabriele Taentzer , Daniel Neufeld

Mutation testing is a well-established technique for assessing a test suite's quality by injecting artificial faults into production code. In recent years, mutation testing has been extended to machine learning (ML) systems, and deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Annibale Panichella , Cynthia C. S. Liem
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