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In this paper we propose strategies for estimating performance of a classifier when labels cannot be obtained for the whole test set. The number of test instances which can be labeled is very small compared to the whole test data size. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Anurag Kumar , Bhiksha Raj

The performance of a machine learning system is usually evaluated by using i.i.d.\ observations with true labels. However, acquiring ground truth labels is expensive, while obtaining unlabeled samples may be cheaper. Stratified sampling can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Tiancheng Yu , Xiyu Zhai , Suvrit Sra

Existing approaches to few-shot learning in NLP rely on large language models (LLMs) and/or fine-tuning of these to generalise on out-of-distribution data. In this work, we propose a novel few-shot learning approach based on soft-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Avyav Kumar Singh , Ekaterina Shutova , Helen Yannakoudakis

The paper proposes a novel multi-class Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) problem called Learning from Majority Label (LML). In LML, the majority class of instances in a bag is assigned as the bag-level label. The goal of LML is to train a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Shiku Kaito , Shinnosuke Matsuo , Daiki Suehiro , Ryoma Bise

Evaluating the regeneration process of damaged muscle tissue is a fundamental analysis in muscle research to measure experimental effect sizes and uncover mechanisms behind muscle weakness due to aging and disease. The conventional approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yu Yamaoka , Weng Ian Chan , Shigeto Seno , Soichiro Fukada , Hideo Matsuda

Learning with Noisy Labels (LNL) has attracted significant attention from the research community. Many recent LNL methods rely on the assumption that clean samples tend to have "small loss". However, this assumption always fails to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 MingCai Chen , Yu Zhao , Bing He , Zongbo Han , Bingzhe Wu , Jianhua Yao

Deep learning algorithms have recently produced state-of-the-art accuracy in many classification tasks, but this success is typically dependent on access to many annotated training examples. For domains without such data, an attractive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Ehsan Mohammady Ardehaly , Aron Culotta

Although multi-label learning can deal with many problems with label ambiguity, it does not fit some real applications well where the overall distribution of the importance of the labels matters. This paper proposes a novel learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Xin Geng

By allowing models to predict without task-specific training, in-context learning (ICL) with pretrained LLMs has enormous potential in NLP. However, a number of problems persist in ICL. In particular, its performance is sensitive to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhichao Xu , Daniel Cohen , Bei Wang , Vivek Srikumar

In statistics and machine learning, logistic regression is a widely-used supervised learning technique primarily employed for binary classification tasks. When the number of observations greatly exceeds the number of predictor variables, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-02 Agniva Chowdhury , Pradeep Ramuhalli

This paper is concerned with computationally efficient learning of homogeneous sparse halfspaces in $\mathbb{R}^d$ under noise. Though recent works have established attribute-efficient learning algorithms under various types of label noise…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-03 Jie Shen , Chicheng Zhang

Partial label learning is a type of weakly supervised learning, where each training instance corresponds to a set of candidate labels, among which only one is true. In this paper, we introduce ProPaLL, a novel probabilistic approach to this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Łukasz Struski , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

Aligning large language models (LLMs) depends on high-quality datasets of human preference labels, which are costly to collect. Although active learning has been studied to improve sample efficiency relative to passive collection, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yao Zhao , Kwang-Sung Jun

Partial-label learning is a popular weakly supervised learning setting that allows each training example to be annotated with a set of candidate labels. Previous studies on partial-label learning only focused on the classification setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Xin Cheng , Deng-Bao Wang , Lei Feng , Min-Ling Zhang , Bo An

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) often suffers under class imbalance, where pseudo-labeling amplifies majority bias and suppresses minority performance. We address this issue with a lightweight framework that, to our knowledge, is the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Kohki Akiba , Shinnosuke Matsuo , Shota Harada , Ryoma Bise

In pathology, the spatial distribution and proportions of tissue types are key indicators of disease progression, and are more readily available than fine-grained annotations. However, these assessments are rarely mapped to pixel-wise…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Yangping Li , Thomas Pinetz , Michael Hölzel , Marieta Toma , Alexander Effland

We propose a new approach to address the text classification problems when learning with partial labels is beneficial. Instead of offering each training sample a set of candidate labels, we assign negative-oriented labels to the ambiguous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-11 Jiangning Chen , Zhibo Dai , Juntao Duan , Qianli Hu , Ruilin Li , Heinrich Matzinger , Ionel Popescu , Haoyan Zhai

Semi-supervised learning by self-training heavily relies on pseudo-label selection (PLS). The selection often depends on the initial model fit on labeled data. Early overfitting might thus be propagated to the final model by selecting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-27 Julian Rodemann , Jann Goschenhofer , Emilio Dorigatti , Thomas Nagler , Thomas Augustin

Real-world data is often ambiguous; for example, human annotation produces instances with multiple conflicting class labels. Partial-label learning (PLL) aims at training a classifier in this challenging setting, where each instance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Tobias Fuchs , Florian Kalinke

Prior work on partial labels learning (PLL) has shown that learning is possible even when each instance is associated with a bag of labels, rather than a single accurate but costly label. However, the necessary conditions for learning with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-23 Nicolas A. Errandonea , Santiago Mazuelas , Jose A. Lozano , Sanjoy Dasgupta