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The quantum dynamics of a damped and forced harmonic oscillator is investigated in terms of a Lindblad master equation. Elementary algebraic techniques are employed allowing for example to analyze the long time behavior, i.e. the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-15 H. J. Korsch

We present an introduction to the theory of open extended quantum systems. We begin with a microscopic derivation of the so-called Lindblad equation followed by a more abstract approach. Next, we introduce collision models, a versatile…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Dragi Karevski

The Lindblad equation is a widely used quantum master equation to model the dynamical evolution of open quantum systems whose states are described by density matrices. This equation is also a fundamental building block to design optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Hao Chen , Alfio Borzi

Open quantum systems are studied from the thermodynamical point of view unifying the principle of maximum informational entropy and the hypothesis of relaxation times hierarchy. The result of the unification is a non-Markovian and local in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-24 Vitalii Semin , Francesco Petruccione

In standard thermodynamics, internal energy is a state function, independent of process rates. We show that this structure breaks down in open quantum systems undergoing thermalization. Within Gorini-Kossakowski-Lindblad-Sudarshan (GKLS)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-12 Hyeong-Chan Kim , Youngone Lee

The Lindblad master equation describes the evolution of a large variety of open quantum systems. An important property of some open quantum systems is the existence of decoherence-free subspaces. A quantum state from a decoherence-free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-07 Francisco Revson F. Pereira , Stefano Mancini , Giuliano G. La Guardia

Estimating the steady-state properties of open many-body quantum systems is a fundamental challenge in quantum science and technologies. In this work, we present a scalable approach based on semi-definite programming to derive certified…

We derive a Markovian master equation for driven open quantum systems based on the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants theory, which is available for arbitrary driving protocols.The role of the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants is to help us bypass the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-19 S. L. Wu , X. L. Huang , X. X. Yi

We present a detailed analysis of slowly driven quantum thermal machines based on interacting qubits within the framework of the Lindblad master equation. By implementing a systematic expansion in the driving rate, we derive explicit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Gerónimo J. Caselli , Luis O. Manuel , Liliana Arrachea

The celebrated Lindblad equation governs the non-unitary time evolution of density operators used in the description of open quantum systems. It is usually derived from the von Neumann equation for a large system, at given physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Benedikt M. Reible , Luigi Delle Site

Open quantum systems exhibit dynamics ranging from unitary evolution to irreversible dissipation. While the Gorini--Kossakowski--Sudarshan--Lindblad (GKSL) equation uniquely characterizes Markovian CPTP evolution, many physical platforms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Bo Peng , Yu Zhang

Open quantum systems provide an essential theoretical basis for the development of novel quantum technologies, since any real quantum system inevitably interacts with its environment. Lindblad master equations capture the effect of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-14 Gary Schmiedinghoff , Götz S. Uhrig

Understanding the spin dynamics in low-temperature settings is crucial to designing and optimizing molecular spin systems for use in emerging quantum technologies. At low temperatures, irreversible loss occurs due to ensemble dynamics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 Timothy J. Krogmeier , Anthony W. Schlimgen , Kade Head-Marsden

We present a general approach to derive Lindblad master equations for a subsystem whose dynamics is coupled to dissipative bosonic modes. The derivation relies on a Schrieffer-Wolff transformation which allows to eliminate the bosonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-17 Simon B. Jäger , Tom Schmit , Giovanna Morigi , Murray J. Holland , Ralf Betzholz

The Lindblad master equation is one of the main approaches to open quantum systems. While it has been widely applied in the context of condensed matter systems to study properties of steady states in the limit of long times, the actual…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-07 Tjark Heitmann , Jonas Richter , Jacek Herbrych , Jochen Gemmer , Robin Steinigeweg

A completely positive master equation describing quantum dissipation for a Brownian particle is derived starting from microphysical collisions, exploiting a recently introduced approach to subdynamics of a macrosystem. The obtained equation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 B. Vacchini

A quantum master equation is obtained for identical fermions by including a relaxation term in addition to the mean-field Hamiltonian. [Huang C F and Huang K N 2004 Chinese J. Phys. ${\bf 42}$ 221; Gebauer R and Car R 2004 Phys. Rev. B…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-30 C. F. Huang , K. -N. Huang

Classical thermodynamics is unrivalled in its range of applications and relevance to everyday life. It enables a description of complex systems, made up of microscopic particles, in terms of a small number of macroscopic quantities, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-13 James Millen , André Xuereb

Open quantum systems play a central role in contemporary nanoscale technologies, including molecular electronics, quantum heat engines, quantum computation and information processing. A major theoretical challenge is to construct dynamical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Stefano Giordano , Giuseppe Florio , Giuseppe Puglisi , Fabrizio Cleri , Ralf Blossey

Dynamics of an open $N$-state quantum system is typically modeled with a Markovian master equation describing the evolution of the system's density operator. By using generators of $SU(N)$ group as a basis, the density operator can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 A. Liniov , I. Meyerov , E. Kozinov , V. Volokitin , I. Yusipov , M. Ivanchenko , S. Denisov