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Fluid antenna systems (FAS) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for achieving spatially reconfigurable, compact, and energy-efficient wireless communications in beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) networks. By…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Saeid Pakravan , Mohsen Ahmadzadeh , Ming Zeng , Wessam Ajib , Ji Wang , Xingwang Li

The fluid antenna system (FAS) employs reconfigurable antennas for high spatial gains in compact spaces, enhancing physical layer flexibility. Channel state information (CSI) acquisition is vital for port selection and FAS optimization.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zhentian Zhang , David Morales-Jimenez , Jian Dang , Zaichen Zhang , Christos Masouros , Hao Jiang

The Fluid Antenna System (FAS) overcomes the spatial degree-of-freedom limitations of conventional static antenna arrays in wireless communications.This capability critically depends on acquiring full Channel State Information across all…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Xuehui Dong , Kai Wan , Shuangyang Li , Robert Caiming Qiu , Giuseppe Caire

In conventional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, the positions of antennas are fixed. To take full advantage of spatial degrees of freedom, a new technology called fluid antenna (FA) is proposed to obtain higher…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Yuqi Ye , Li You , Jue Wang , Hao Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Xiqi Gao

Fluid antenna system (FAS) is an emerging technology that uses the new form of shape- and position-reconfigurable antennas to empower the physical layer for wireless communications. Prior studies on FAS were however limited to narrowband…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-30 Hanjiang Hong , Kai-Kit Wong , Haoyang Li , Hao Xu , Han Xiao , Hyundong Shin , Kin-Fai Tong , Yangyang Zhang

Accurate channel state information (CSI) acquisition is essential for modern wireless systems, which becomes increasingly difficult under large antenna arrays, strict pilot overhead constraints, and diverse deployment environments. Existing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xingyu Zhou , Le Liang , Hao Ye , Jing Zhang , Chao-Kai Wen , Shi Jin

Fluid antenna systems (FASs) can reconfigure their locations freely within a spatially continuous space. To keep favorable antenna positions, the channel state information (CSI) acquisition for FASs is essential. While some techniques have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zijian Zhang , Jieao Zhu , Linglong Dai , Robert W. Heath

This paper investigates a design framework for sparse fluid antenna systems (FAS) enabling high-performance direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, particularly in challenging millimeter-wave (mmWave) environments. By ingeniously harnessing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 He Xu , Tuo Wu , Ye Tian , Ming Jin , Wei Liu , Qinghua Guo , Maged Elkashlan , Matthew C. Valenti , Chan-Byoung Chae , Kin-Fai Tong , Kai-Kit Wong

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems require efficient and accurate channel estimation with low pilot overhead to unlock their full potential for high spectral and energy efficiency. While deep generative models have emerged as a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yongqiang Zhang , Qurrat-Ul-Ain Nadeem

This paper investigates a two-timescale uplink transmission framework for a fluid antenna-enabled multiuser multi-input multi-output system (MIMO-FAS). Antenna positions are optimized based on statistical channel state information (CSI),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Linyue Hu , Luchu Li , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren

This work explores the channel estimation (CE) problem in uplink transmission for unsourced random access (URA) with a fluid antenna receiver. The additional spatial diversity in a fluid antenna system (FAS) addresses the needs of URA…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Keru Zhou , Zhentian Zhang , Jian Dang , Qianqian Sun , Zaichen Zhang

Pixel-based fluid antennas provide enhanced multiplexing gains and quicker radiation pattern switching than traditional designs. However, this innovation introduces challenges for channel estimation and analog precoding due to the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Huayan Guo , Jichen Zhang , Junhui Rao , Ross Murch , Vincent K. N. Lau

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been recognized as a revolutionary technology for future wireless networks. However, RIS-assisted communications have to continuously tune phase-shifts relying on accurate channel state…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-15 Jie Zhang , Yiyang Ni , Jun Li , Guangji Chen , Zhe Wang , Long Shi , Shi Jin , Wen Chen , H. Vincent Poor

The explosive growth of teletraffic, fueled by the convergence of cyber-physical systems and data-intensive applications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous systems, and immersive communications, demands a multidisciplinary…

Fluid antenna (FA) technology has emerged as a promising approach in wireless communications due to its capability of providing increased degrees of freedom (DoFs) and exceptional design flexibility. This paper addresses the challenge of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 He Xu , Tuo Wu , Ye Tian , Kangda Zhi , Wei Liu , Baiyang Liu , Hing Cheung So , Naofal Al-Dhahir , Kin-Fai Tong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Kai-Kit Wong

With the development of the upcoming sixth-generation networks (6G), reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have gained significant attention due to its ability of reconfiguring wireless channels via smart reflections. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Yiyang Ni , Qi Zhang , Guangji Chen , Yan Cai , Jun Li , Shi Jin

Channel modelling is essential to designing modern wireless communication systems. The increasing complexity of channel modelling and the cost of collecting high-quality wireless channel data have become major challenges. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Ushnish Sengupta , Chinkuo Jao , Alberto Bernacchia , Sattar Vakili , Da-shan Shiu

Fluid antenna system (FAS) is able to exploit spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) in wireless channels. In this letter, to exploit spatial DoFs in frequency-selective environments, we investigate an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Heyang Xiong , Quanzhong Li , Qi Zhang

Fluid antenna systems (FASs) have become a popular topic in the wireless community as an effective yet simple means of exploiting spatial diversity. Due to the limitations of physically moving radiating elements, electronically…

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a key enabling technology for sixth-generation (6G) communication systems. Nevertheless, the increase in array aperture and signal bandwidth brings new challenges to wideband…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Qingxia Feng , Yin Fang , Meng Hua , Cheng Zhang , Chunguo Li , Yongming Huang , Luxi Yang