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Background: The Node Package Manager (npm) ecosystem plays a vital role in modern software development by providing a vast repository of packages and tools that developers can use to implement their software systems. However, recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Anthony Peruma , Truman Choy , Gerald Lee , Italo De Oliveira Santos

The management of third-party package dependencies is crucial to most technology stacks, with package managers acting as brokers to ensure that a verified package is correctly installed, configured, or removed from an application. Diversity…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Syful Islam , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Christoph Treude , Bodin Chinthanet , Takashi Ishio , Kenichi Matsumoto

The package manager (PM) is crucial to most technology stacks, acting as a broker to ensure that a verified dependency package is correctly installed, configured, or removed from an application. Diversity in technology stacks has led to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Syful Islam , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Christoph Treude , Bodin Chinthanet , Takashi Ishio , Kenichi Matsumoto

With the popularity of software ecosystems, the number of open source components (known as packages) has grown rapidly. Identifying high-quality and well-maintained packages from a large pool of packages to depend on is a basic and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Suhaib Mujahid , Rabe Abdalkareem , Emad Shihab

Modern software projects depend on many third-party libraries, complicating reproducible and secure builds. Several package managers address this with the generation of a lockfile that freezes dependency versions and can be used to verify…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Larissa Schmid , Elias Lundell , Yogya Gamage , Benoit Baudry , Martin Monperrus

The Node.js Package Manager (i.e., npm) archive repository serves as a critical part of the JavaScript community and helps support one of the largest developer ecosystems in the world. However, as a developer, selecting an appropriate npm…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Bodin Chinthanet , Brittany Reid , Christoph Treude , Markus Wagner , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Takashi Ishio , Kenichi Matsumoto

The increasing popularity of certain programming languages has spurred the creation of ecosystem-specific package repositories and package managers. Such repositories (e.g., npm, PyPI) serve as public databases that users can query to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Piergiorgio Ladisa , Merve Sahin , Serena Elisa Ponta , Marco Rosa , Matias Martinez , Olivier Barais

Software engineers regularly use JavaScript and Python for both front-end and back-end automation tasks. On top of JavaScript and Python, there are several frameworks to facilitate automation tasks further. Some of these frameworks are Node…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Berkay Kaplan , Jingyu Qian

Modern software systems are often built by leveraging code written by others in the form of libraries and packages to accelerate their development. While there are many benefits to using third-party packages, software projects often become…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Jasmine Latendresse , Suhaib Mujahid , Diego Elias Costa , Emad Shihab

The use of third-party packages is becoming increasingly popular and has led to the emergence of large software package ecosystems with a maze of inter-dependencies. Since the reliance on these ecosystems enables developers to reduce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Raula Gaikovina Kula , Katsuro Inoue , Christoph Treude

Software libraries are central to the functionality, security, and maintainability of modern code. As developers increasingly turn to Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist with programming tasks, understanding how these models recommend…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jasmine Latendresse , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

A software release note is one of the essential documents in the software development life cycle. The software release contains a set of information, e.g., bug fixes and security fixes. Release notes are used in different phases, e.g.,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Sristy Sumana Nath , Banani Roy

Relying on dependency packages accelerates software development, but it also increases the exposure to security vulnerabilities that may be present in dependencies. While developers have full control over which dependency packages (and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Abbas Javan Jafari , Diego Elias Costa , Ahmad Abdellatif , Emad Shihab

Package managers have become a vital part of the modern software development process. They allow developers to reuse third-party code, share their own code, minimize their codebase, and simplify the build process. However, recent reports…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Ruian Duan , Omar Alrawi , Ranjita Pai Kasturi , Ryan Elder , Brendan Saltaformaggio , Wenke Lee

While open-source software has enabled significant levels of reuse to speed up software development, it has also given rise to the dreadful dependency hell that all software practitioners face on a regular basis. This article provides a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Tom Mens , Alexandre Decan

Nearly every popular programming language comes with one or more package managers. The software packages distributed by such package managers form large software ecosystems. These packaging ecosystems contain a large number of package…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-10-16 Alexandre Decan , Tom Mens , Philippe Grosjean

Third-party package usage has become a common practice in contemporary software development. Developers often face different challenges, including choosing the right libraries, installing errors, discrepancies, setting up the environment,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Syful Islam , Dong Wang , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Takashi Ishio , Kenichi Matsumoto

Much of the success of modern software development can be attributed to code reuse. The ability to reuse existing functionality via third-party dependencies has enabled massive gains in productivity, but for a long time the dominant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Brittany Anne Reid , Raula Gaikovina Kula

Security vulnerability in third-party dependencies is a growing concern not only for developers of the affected software, but for the risks it poses to an entire software ecosystem, e.g., Heartbleed vulnerability. Recent studies show that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Bodin Chinthanet , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Shane McIntosh , Takashi Ishio , Akinori Ihara , Kenichi Matsumoto

Passwords are still a mainstay of various security systems, as well as the cause of many usability issues. For end-users, many of these issues have been studied extensively, highlighting problems and informing design decisions for better…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Alena Naiakshina , Anastasia Danilova , Christian Tiefenau , Marco Herzog , Sergej Dechand , Matthew Smith
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